简单句结构：
1. 主语+不及物动词 （主谓结构）
2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 （主谓宾结构） 3. 主语+系动词+表语 （主系表结构）
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） （主谓加双宾语结构） =主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.
5. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 （主谓宾宾补） 6. There+be+主语+状语
简单句练习：
一）判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的用法（系动词／助动词） 1.The boy is asleep (_______________) 2.The boy is sleeping. (_______________)
3.The boy is playing the guitar. (_____________) 4.He is playing happily. (____________)
5.His music is very beautiful. (_______________) 6.It is beautiful music. (_____________) 二）判断这些句子的类型
1. She is a very good girl . (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (___语)
2. The girl is very good. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (___语) 3. They ‖ laughed. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) 4. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) 5. I ‖ bought a new bike. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) 6. He ‖ plays volleyball. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) 7. She ‖ told me a story. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) 8. He ‖ gave me a good book. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) 9.He ‖ asked me to help him. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) 10.He ‖ made me happy. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
宾语从句
定义：在复合句中，由一个句子来做宾语叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句三要素： 1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态
1. 引导词
1）that 引导 句，在句中无意义，可以省略。 2）对陈诉的事情不明确或者不清楚，用引导词 或 ，意为： ，常用在：ask, wonder, Can (Could) you tell me…后。 3）由特殊疑问词 引导的宾语从句。
2. 语序
宾语从句永远用 语序。
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? What happened? 我不知道怎么了。
你能告诉我谁在那边吗？
3. 时态
1）主句为一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时，从句的时态 受/不受 主句时态的影响，从句的时态根据从句本身的句意来判断。 我想知道他今早什么时候起床的。
他们正在说着他们昨天没有去看电影。
2）主句用过去时，从句要用相应的 。 从句变为相应过去时规则： 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时/现在完成时 一般将来时 3）从句说明的是自然现象，客观真理，名言名句时，从句用 。 4）从句中有具体的表示过去的时间状语，从句仍然用 。 The teacher told us that he was born in 1988.
练习：
1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light(光) goes faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4. Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know __ __ _______ _______ _______ French. 5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 6. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8. Where did she put her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car? 9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ______ _______ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 13. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken. The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
Tom says that they ______________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
I hear they ______________ (return) it already.
He said that they ___________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
He asked what they _____________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel) I think you ____________ about the news now. (talk)
*宾语从句有 前置原则。当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose时，如果宾语从句是否定句，要把否定前置到主句上。 我认为你们现在没在谈论这个新闻。
我希望你不要去北京。
to+v. 与 v.-ing作宾语
v. +(sb.) to do sth.: 1.would like to do sth 2.want to do sth 3.stop to sth
4.remember to do sth 5.forget to do sth 6.decide to do sth 7.ask to do sth 8.tell to do sth 9.order sb to do sth 10.try to do sth
11.try one`s best to do sth 12.start to do sth 13.begin to do sth 14.teach sb to do sth
15.it`s time to do sth = it`s time for sth 16.it takes sb some time to do sth 17.it`s +adj. + for sb to do sth
18.it`s ready to do sth = it`s ready for sth
19.be happy to do sth = be nice to do sth = be glad to do sth = be great to do sth 20.be afraid to do sth 21.need to do sth 22.hope to do sth 23.wish sb to do sth
24.tell sb the way to sp 25.be sorry to do sth 26.be sure to do sth 27.agree to do sth
28.sb have / has no time to do sth 29.be surprised to do sth
30.invite sb to do sth 31.learn to do sth
32.find it+adj.+to do sth.
v. +doing sth. 1.like doing sth 2. enjoy doing sth 3.have fun doing sth 4.hate doing sth 5.dislike doing sth 6.stop doing sth 7.remember doing sth 8.forget doing sth 9.begin doing sth 10.start doing sth 11.see sb doing sth 12.hear sb doing sth 13.watch sb doing sth 14.find sb doing sth 15.finish doing sth 16.go on doing sth 17.try doing sth
18.sb spend some time / some money (in) doing sth 19.practice doing sth
20.would sb mind doing sth? 21.keep sb doing dth
22.be busy doing sth = be busy with sth
23.stop sb from doing sth = prevent sb from doing sth = keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
24.What about doing sth?= How about doing sth? 25.look forward to doing sth. 26. Thank you for doing sth.
1. “Have you finished_________ your composition ?”
“Not yet.”
A. write B. writes C. was writing D. writing 2. Remember _________the letter to me ..
A. sending B. sends C. to send D. send
3. English is important to us . We should try _______ it hard. A. study B. studies C. studies D. to study 4. Thank you for _______ to my speech.
A. listen B. listens C. listening D. listened. 5. Can you help me ___________ the bag to my father. A. give B. to give C. giving D. A and B.
6. Keep ___________hard , and I think you’ll succeed someday. A. to study B. studying C. studies D. studys 7. You look tired. You’d better stop_________ a rest. A. have B. has C. having D. to have
8. Tom went out after he finished___________the sitting room. .A clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned 9. There’s so much delicious food! I can’t decided________.
.A . what to eat B. when to eat C. how to eat D. where to eat . 10 . Remember ________ me when you come to Shouguang. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 11. I would like _________ with you forever.
.A to stay B. staying C. stay D. stayed.
12. They start _________an English article for the newspaper. A. writes B. writing C. write D.. writed
13. Daming needs _________ more English in and out of class. A. speak B. spoken C . to speak D. speaking
14. My father wants __________ around the world because he enjoys _____ new places. A. traveling , seeing B. to travel, to see C . traveling , to see D. to travel, seeing 15. Can you tell me ________ on the Internet?
A. how to search B. how search C. where can I search D. when can I search
16. I find it very interesting ___________ with foreigners.
A. talks B. talking C. to talk D. talk
If引导的条件状语从句
定义：条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件。常用if来引导。 1. if条件状语从句+祈使句。
If you want to go, please tell me. (if条件状语从句放在主句前，要用逗号分开) Please tell me if you want to go. (if条件状语从句放在主句后，不用逗号分开)
2. if条件状语从句有 原则。
如果他跑，他就会及时赶到那里。 If he runs, he will get there in time. 如果你不去，我就自己去。 If you don’t go, I will go myself.
3. if条件状语从句, 当主句中有may/can/could/must/should等情态动词时，主句用一般现在
时，即，主句动词用原型。
If it stops snowing, .
如果雪停了，我们就能出去了。
If you want to keep healthy, . 如果你想保持健康，你必须吃蔬菜和水果。
4. if条件状语从句与“祈使句+and/or(否则)+简单句”之间的互换。
If you work hard, you will pass the exam. （从句为肯定句，用and） =Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
If you don’t work hard, you will fail the exam. (从句为否定句，用or否则) =Work hard, or you will fail the wxam.
1.If she ______________(not get) home on time, her mom will be worried. 2.If Tom works hard, he_____________(make) a lot of money. 3.If I study hard, my dream _ ___(实现). 4. If he ____________(争论)his friend, he will be very sad. 5.If you fight with your brother, what _____________(发生)? 6. Call me if he ________________(回来).
7. He can make great progress if he __ __(追随，听从) my advice. 8. 如果你在课堂上不听，你就不会明白怎么做。
If you in class, you won’t understand it.
9. 将上句改为祈使句形式。
10. 快点！否则你就赶不上火车了！
! Or you can’t catch the train. 11. 将上句改为if引导的条件状语从句
12. 他告诉我，如果我不努力学习，我父母会生我气的。
He told me if I hard at English, my parents angry with me.
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