高三英语非谓语动词解题法

高三英语非谓语动词解题法

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，也不随着主语的变化而变化。非谓语动词是高中英语教学的难点之一，也是高考的热点同时也是容易失分的内容之一。学生在学习中除了要熟记常用的固定的搭配外，还可以从下列方面着手。

 从固定搭配着手

 在非谓语动词的教学中，学生最初接触的是固定搭配。固定搭配的句型基本是没有很多的变化，根据固定搭配可以帮助学生排除干扰的选项，以不变应万变。

 从否定结构着手

 例1 What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.

 A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed

 C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed

 [解题思路] 首先从非谓语动词的否定结构着手：否定词 + 非谓语动词结构

 因此排除C和D；从句子意思考虑，动作是被动的，所以最后答案是B。

 例2 ______ a reply, he decided to write again. (全国高考，92—39)

 A. Not receiving B. Receiving not

 C. Not having receiving D. Having not received

 [解题思路] 首先从非谓语动词的否定结构着手：否定词 + 非谓语动词结构因此排除B和D; 动作发生的时间上判断，动作发生在decided之前，因此答案为C.

 还原句子结构

 A. 在复合句中, 要尽量还原横线的所在句子

 例1. It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have

 spent on his lessons.

 A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played

 [解题思路] 从句子类型分析, 这是强调句型, 强调句子的某一成分, 其结构为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的剩余部分”．去掉题干中的It is(was) … that, 可以看出被强调部分为主语：_____ computer games cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons. 从非谓语动词的用途分析， 过去分词不能充当句子的主语，先排除D; 不定式的结构多于表将来或目的，而谓语中的cost 说明动作已经发生，再排除A, 剩下B和D; 从常用表达来讲， A为正确答案。

 例2. The teacher often tells him to spend as much time as he ____ his lessons.

 A. can do to study B. can studying

 C. possibly studying D. possible to study

 [解题思路] 这道题相当多学生第一时间就排除选项B, 他们认为这种结构是不可能对的。 这个句

子有两个主语，并且有一个连词，说明是复合句。解题的关键是要将不完整的句子补全：…as he can spend much time studying his lessons; 由于从句的谓语与主句相同可以省略且这个句子是定语从句,先行词不能重复出现在从句中，因此句子为：…as much time as he can studying his lessons. 所以正确答案为B。

 B. 在被动句中，要尽量将句子还原成为主动句。在相当的考题中，考查的热点多放在将主动句的宾语前置，宾语之后还带有介词的情况。

 例3. Every minute is made full _____ of _____ our lessons.

 A. to use; study B. use: studying C. use; study D. use; to study

 [解题思路] 这道题很多学生都会选择C， 他们认为介词之后要接动词的-ing 形式。将这句话还原成为主动句为：We make full of every minute to study our lessons. 由此可见答案为D.

 C. 句子中有插入其他的句子或短语：现在的英语考题中，采取许多障眼法来迷惑学生，这就要求学生能正确的识别。

 例4. With ____ she needed ____, she left the market happily.

 A. all, bought B. something, to be bought

 C. all; buying D. everything; to buy

 [解题思路] 从need的结构分析：主语是人，其搭配为sb needs to do sth.,故排除B和C；从用途和意义分析，不定式强调未做，而句子意思是已买动作已经完成，因此正确答案为A.

 例5. How about the two of us _____(take) a walk?

 [解题思路] how about后接动词的—ing 形式， the two of us 实际上是插入语用来混淆学生视线，造成判断上的失误。

 从一致着手

 例1 The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the

 president. (全国高考， 91—33)

 A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

 [解题思路] 在使用非谓语动词时，语法规则上要求两个动作的主语一致，并且两个动作之间没有并列连词。这道例题符合上述要求，首先排除最后一个选项；动作是主动发出且和谓语同时发生，故再排除A和C。

 例2 Once lost, _____ .

 A. it is hard to get such a chance again.

 B. to get such a chance will be difficult

 C. one can never get such a chance again

 D. such a chance might never come again

 [解题思路] 这道题不考非谓语动词的使用，考题的目的是要求学生要牢记使用非谓语动词是的条件，其中之一是：两个动作的主语要一致。从句子的意思分析，主语是a chance, 因此答案为D。

 例3 Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____.

 A. he’d like to collect coins as well

 B. he feels like collecting coins, too

 C. to collect coins is also his hobby

 D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure

 [解题思路] 结构一致，前一句的主语是fishing, 因此后一句与前一句对称，故选择D