16种时态具体用法和例句
令狐采学
一、行为发生的时间,也就是时态中的“时” 1. 现在时间 2. 过去时间 3. 将来时间 4. 过去将来时间
二、行为发生时所呈现的状态,也就是时态中的“态” 1. 一般状态 2. 进行状态 3. 完成状态 4. 完成进行状态
一、时间上的四种变化:现在、过去、将来、过去将来
要点:谓语动词的时间、人称和数上的变化都由谓语中的第一个动词(限定动词)体现。16种时态中有2种时态由实义动词直接作谓语动词:使用动词现在式的一般现在时态、使用动词过去式的一般过去时态。这两种时态是中国学生最熟悉的,基本不会犯错误的。其它的14种时态皆由助动词和动词的非限定形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)构成。这些时态全部由助动词来体现人称、数和时间上的变化。
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令狐采学创作
二、行为状态上的四种变化:一般、进行、完成、完成进行 所谓16种时态就是这4种变化分别对应上面提到的时间上的4种变化组合成16种变化。 一般时态:
1、现在:直接用动词的现在式(注意不是动词原形,其有人称和数的变化,重点:第三人称单数) 2、过去:用动词的过去式。 3、将来:用will再加动词原形。
4、过去将来:用would再加动词原形。 二、进行时态
要点:使用动词的现在分词。因是非限定动词,需增加be动词(这里作助动词使用)体现人称、数和时间上的变化。 进行时态的变化由be动词的变化实现: 1、现在:am,is,are 2、过去:was, were 3、将来:will be
4、过去将来:would be
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令狐采学创作
三、完成时态
要点:使用动词的过去分词。因是非限定动词,需增加have(这里作助动词使用)体现人称、数和时间上的变化。 1、现在:have ,has 2、过去:had 3、将来:will have
4、过去将来:would have 四、完成进行
只要真正掌握了进行和完成时态,完成进行时态的掌握完全是水到渠成的事情。 各时态的特征:
一般时态:强调行为本身(叙述性)
进行时态:强调“在进行中”(生动性,相当于汉语的“在,正在”)
完成时态:强调“已经发生”(重点在行为的影响、结果,相当于汉语的“已经”)
完成进行:强调“持续进行”(相当于汉语的“一直”)
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令狐采学创作
英语时态与相关动词形式对应表
时 态 现 在 过 去 一 般 将 来 过去将来 选用动词形式 限定 现在式(do) 过去式(v+ed) 动词 动词原形 非 现 在 过 去 将 来 过去将来 现 在 过 去 将 来 过去将来 现 在 过 去 将 来 过去将来 限 定 动 过去分词 词 t-ed (不能直接接been+现在分词 主语) (been v+ing) 不定式[(to)do] 现在分词 v+ing 助动词 直接接主语 will would am, is, are was, were will be would be have (has) had will have would have 同完成时态 进 行 完 成 完成进行 英语动词变化形式与时态对应表
是否直接接主语 是 动词变化 现在式(do) 过去式(v+ed) 过去分词 (t-ed) 现在分词 否 (v+ing) 原形(不定式) (to) do 对应时态或语态 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 完成时态 被动语态 进行时态 完成进行时态 将来时态 have(has, had)+ been 接主语时的助动词 直接接主语(和主语之间没有其它的动词) have(has, had) 现在:am,is,are 过去:was, were 将来:will 过去将来:would 1. 一般现在时 用法:
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。
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令狐采学创作
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?) F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)
2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法:现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法:
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
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令狐采学创作
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。) 注意事项
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影
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令狐采学创作
响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
C) 在\"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……\"句型里要求用完成时。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)
D) 句型\"It is/ has been……since\"所使用的两种时态都正确。 例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
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令狐采学创作
E) 在\"no sooner than\"、\"hardly/ scarcely ……when\"、\"before\"、\"prior to\"等句型中,主句要求完成时。 4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)
注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。 例:1997年6月四级第45题
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A) had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C)
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令狐采学创作
leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。 5. 一般过去时 用法:
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。) He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?) 注意事项:
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this
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令狐采学创作
month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示\"过去常常或过去曾经\",要求加动词原形;后者表示\"习惯于\",要求加名词或动名词。 6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示\"过去的过去的动作或状态\"。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months. A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现
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令狐采学创作
在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。
注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)
分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在\"开门\"和\"注意\"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。 7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)
注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。 8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing) 用法:
A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。 例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)
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令狐采学创作
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)
注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。 9. 一般将来时 用法:
A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。 例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。) C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。 例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。) D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
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令狐采学创作
E) \"be to do\"的5种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。) c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。 例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。 e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
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令狐采学创作
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。) 例:1999年6月四级第65题
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。” 注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
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令狐采学创作
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。 例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。) 注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考\"一般将来时\"和\"现在进行时\"的有关注意事项。 11. 将来完成时(will have done)
用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。 例:1997年1月四级第22题
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends. A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作
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令狐采学创作
要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing 例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态) 13)过去完成进行时:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态) 14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing
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令狐采学创作
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)
15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done 例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)
16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)
最常见的9种英语句子时态学习一/一般现在时和现在进行时 2006-10-30 23:04
时态(tenses)
英语的时态是通过动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语共有十六种时态,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种,其中完成时态用法灵活而复杂。要掌握英语的时态,必须了解英语中动词的特性,尤其是英语中的助动词(do, be, have),同时弄清时间状语所表达的含义。 时态一般现在时 1 概念 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等 构成 注意主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化,掌握助动词do,be及情态动词的用法 例句 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. They go shopping on Saturdays. 令狐采学创作
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She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 备注 1. 一般现在时表示永恒的真理,总用一般现在时。如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 2. 在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided. 如: If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 3. 在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时,如: So long as he works hard, I don’t mind whether he can pass the English exam. 只要他努力工作,我不介意他能否通过英语考试。 4. 在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。如: The harder you study, the better results you will get. 时态现在进行时 2 概念 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等) 构成 be动词am/is/are + doing 例句 We are having English class. The road is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 备注 1.在时间或条件状语从句中,用进行时态表将来某个时间里正在进行的动作。如: Be careful when you are crossing the street. Don't disturb him if he is still working at his office this afternoon. 2. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。 I am leaving on Friday. 3. 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词如:have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用进行时。如: The bottle contains some water. 4. 进行时与always, often, forever, constantly等连用,表示一种感情(如赞扬、厌烦等)。如: You are always asking me for some money. 5. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别是:前者表示动作的暂时性而后者表示动作的长期性,如: He is drinking. People drink water every day. 最常见的9种英语句子时态学习二/现在完成时和一般过去时
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令狐采学创作
2006-10-30 23:07
时现在完成时 态3 概表示动作发生在过去,完成念 在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在,并有可能再延续下去。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:for + 时间段,since + 时间点;常见的不确定的时间状语有lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days;表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来如:in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等;表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 结构 构助动词have/has + done 成 例They have lived there for more 句 than ten years. I have lived here since 2002. Has it stopped raining yet? This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 备1. 现在完成时不仅表示动作注 在说话之前已经完成,而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。现在完成时与一般过去式的区别:一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等,与现在不发生联系,且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语;而现在完令狐采学创作
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成时只说明现在的情况,对现在有影响。如: A lot of damage has been caused by a snow storm that swept across the north of the country. 2. 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并有可能继续下去,常与for或since 等短语连用。而终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等在现在完成时态中不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如: I haven’t met him for two years. I have not cleaned my room for three weeks. 一般过去时 时态4 概表示在过去某个特定时间发念 生而且已经完成的动作或过去存在的某种状态,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when 构句子中总有表示过去的谓语成 动词,如行为动词came, taught, be动词was, were, 情态动词could, might等。掌握助动词did的用法是关键 例It rained heavily yesterday. 句 I didn’t go to the cinema last night. I often did my homework in the evening when I was a pupil. 备1. be/become/get used to + 令狐采学创作
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注 sth/doing表示习惯于某事或做某事,to为介词,如: Genet has been used to eating Chinese food. 2. 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作时用used to do或 would + do,这里的to为不定式,后接动词原形。如: He used to smoke a lot. 3. 在复合句中,当描述过去将来的事情时,条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去将来时。如: She said she would give me some money when she came again. 她说再来时给我钱的。 I would go with him if he asked me. 如果他叫我,我就跟他一起去的。 He promised to help me with my English if he had time. 4. 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。如:They were friends. 他们曾是朋友。 (他们现在已不是朋友了) 5. 特殊句型: It is time for sb. to do sth. \"到某人做某事的时间了\",\"该某人做某事了\"。It is time sb. did sth. \"早该某人做某事了\"。It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表“宁愿某人做某事”之意。I'd rather you came tomorrow. 6. 动词wish, wonder, think, want, hope, intend,can,will等用过去时,表不确定的询问、请求、建议等,语气委婉。如:I thought you might 令狐采学创作
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have some. I wondered if you could help me. Could you lend me your bike? Did you want anything else? Would you please give me big hand? 时态5 过去进行时 概念 表示过去某个时间点或构成 例句 某段时间内正在发生的动作 was/were + doing The girl was doing her homework when her mother came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouting for help. The staffs were discussing the company’s management style. 1. 如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去,动作时间长的用过去进行时,表动作发生背景;动作时间短的用一般过去时,表达新的信息。这类进行时通常用when, while, as 引导。如:I was waiting for a friend from my hometown at the station when you dropped in at my house. 2. 过去特定时间发生的动作,如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. I am watching television at eight last night. 3. 过去反复的习惯动作,如:When I was young, I was swimming in the river near my home. 我小的时候,常在离家很近的河里游泳。 4. 已经完成的动作用一般过去时,还未完成的动作用过去进行时。如:He was doing his homework yesterday. (未做完)他昨天在做备注 令狐采学创作
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作业。He did his homework yesterday.(已做完)他昨天把作业做了。 5. 过去时说明过去某时发生了某事,而过去进行时则强调动作的持续时间。如:He was working all through the night. 他整晚都在工作。He worked all through the night. 他工作了一整晚。 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) had + done I had finished doing my homework before my father came back yesterday afternoon. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 1. 把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,如: When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun had already hidden itself behind the mountain. 2. 把过去完成时放在某些固定句式中,如:“It was + 时间段 + since引导的从句”和“It was the first time + 从句”等,表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时,如: That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 时态6 概念 构成 例句 备注 令狐采学创作
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It was 3 years since we had parted。 I said to him that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink. 3. 动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图,如: I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 4. 用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时,如: I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意主谓倒装) 5. 把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里,如: By the end of last year, I had learned English for 10 years. 6. 把过去完成时放在主句是过去式的宾语从句中,如: They told me that they had passed the examination. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。 will/shall + do, be to do, be about to do, be going to do, 时态7 概念 构成 令狐采学创作 令狐采学创作
例句 They will arrive at the small village tomorrow. I am going to do my homework this evening. He is to fail 1. 一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中: We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。) 2. 某些移动性动词或趋向动词如leave, start, go ,arrive, come, stay,finish等用进行时可表示将来意义。如: I am just finishing my work, and it won’t take long. I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 3. “祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时,由于祈使句具有假设条件意义,后一分句在这一条件下要产生的结果,所以要用将来时。如: Let’s keep to the point or we will never reach any decisions. Use your head and you will find a way. 4. “am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”,表示已经决定或安排要做的事或表示有某迹象表明必然或很可能发生的事情,“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作,但be about to do不可与段时间状语连用。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事,或注定要发生的事情,而“will + 动词原形”而后者表示“临时备注 令狐采学创作
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决定去做某事”。如: He is going to attend the meeting. She is about to go to the dinner party. Look at these clouds. It’s going to rain. We are to succeed. 将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情 will be doing I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 将来完成时指将来某一时刻已完成的动作,用于将来完成时的时间状语如下:by the time+从句;by the end of + 将来时间的名词;by+将来时间名词等,如: By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. 将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显 will have done By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. I will have eaten up my meal before she comes back. 1. 常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间,如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句,如: By the time you reach the station, the train will 时态8 概念 构成 例句 备注 时态9 概念 构成 例句 备注 令狐采学创作
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have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 2. 在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示,如: The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 宾语从句用法及其例句
作者: 来源:第一家教网 日期:2010.07.12 浏览量:
1925
上海家教上海第一家教家教推荐阅读!! 时态:
1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 宾语从句用法
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,
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if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试.
The new (that he passed the exam)is excitied. 他通过考试的消息很兴奋。 连接代词
连接代词主要有who,
whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?
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The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词
连接副词主要有
when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
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We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
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令狐采学创作
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
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令狐采学创作
He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的. 三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
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The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
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令狐采学创作
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. ③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④在不定式前只能用whether.
(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if. 六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 当that作
learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
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令狐采学创作
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时; 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 七、宾语从句的否定转移 宾语从句的反意疑问句 主句的谓语动词是
think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
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令狐采学创作
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 八、宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
令狐采学创作
令狐采学创作
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>. ②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
令狐采学创作
令狐采学创作
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
令狐采学创作
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