被动语态
主动和被动语态的转换
基本转换
转换方式:① 将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;② 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be +动词的过去分词 done”结构;③ 将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语,放在谓语 动词之后(有时可省略)。
例句:Ironman hits Spiderman every day. 钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。
→_Spiderman is hit by Ironman everyday.
动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。 转换方式:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介 词和副词。
例句: He always takes care of his sister. 他总是照顾他的妹妹。
→His sister is always taken care of by him.
带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态
转换方式:变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补 足语。
例句:All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
→The_houses are painted white by all the villagers.
双宾语改为被动语态
转换方式:谓语动词带双宾语时,既可将间接宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。 方式一:若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;方式二:若将直接宾语转化为 主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。 例句:He gave her some books. 他给了她一些书。
→She was given some books by him.(间接宾语转化 主语) →Some books were given her by him.(直接宾语转化 为主语)
主动结构表示被动含义
1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物 时,可用主动语态表示被动意义,用来描述主语特征。 例句:The door won't lock. 这个门锁不上。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。
2. look, smell, sound, taste 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例句:I think the fish must taste good. 我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很充分。
3. want/ need/ require +doing 相当于 want/ need/ require + to be done。 例句:The house needs repairing.这房子需要修理。 →_The house needs to be repaired.
_
练习:选择题(共 8 小题)
1.—What's the meaning of the activity \"Let's Save\"? —Paper shouldn't A.waste B.wasted in everyday life.( C.be wasted
) D.is wasted
2.The Dongying-Hainan airline times.( A.is open been open
)
for about 5 months.I have taken the flights three
B.has opened C.has D.has been opened
)
3.My house when you visited Beijing last time,so I didn't invite you to my home.( A.was being decorated B.is being decorated C.has been decorated
D.was decorated
?( ) 4.My e﹣mail_ _to you last night.Have you received it_ A.sent;yet B.is sent;already
C.was sent;yet
5.In the past few years,thousands of films A.have produced C.are producing —I think a bridge A.should be built C.has been built A.being had C.is holding soon.( A.send ) B.were sent
C.are sending B.have been produced D.are being produced over the river.(
) all over the world.( ) 6.—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
B.is being built D.was built
in Shanghai now.(
) B.is having D.is being held
7.The World Expo(世博会) 8.Now it's much easier to shop online when your order is ready,the things you want to buy to you D.will be sent
解析(共 8 小题) 1.【解答】答案:C
根据句中的主语 paper 是谓语动词 waste 的承受者,二者形成被动关系,故用被动语态,再结 合句中含有情态动词 should 的否定形式 shouldn't,故谓语动词为含有情态动词的被动语态, 其结构为:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词,结合空格前有 shouldn't,填入 be wasted 即可,故选 C
2.【解答】答案:C,根据 The Dongying﹣Hainan airline…for about 5months,可知 for+ 时间段,是现在完成时的时间标志,所以应用现在完成时,且动词要用延续性动词,open 是 非延续性动词,故要变成 be+open 的系表结构,又知现在完成时的结构为 have/has+动词的 过去分词,故选 C 3.【解答】答案:A
首先根据 when 引导的时间状语从句\"上次你来北京参观时\",判断主句动作用过去进行时,主 语 my house 是动作 decorate 的承受者,所以用被动语态,过去进行时被动语态的构成是: 主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词,主语是单数名词,be 动词用 was,decorate 的过 去分词是 decorated,故选 A. 4.【解答】答案为 C.
这一题可以用排除法来筛选答案. last night 这一个短语可以推测句子要用过去时态,故可以 排除 B 选项.e﹣mail 邮件是被发送出去,是 send 的动作承受者,所以要用被动语态,故可 以排除 A 选项.already 与 yet 都可以表示\"已经\",但两个还是有区别,区别是:already 是 用于肯定句,yet 是用于否定句和疑问句.所以正确答案为 C. 5.【解答】答案:B
根据 in the past few years 可知,这是现在完成时的标志,所以此处应使用现在完成时态.又 知 thousands of films 是动词 produce(制作)的承受者,二者属于被动关系,所以此处应用 现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为 have/has been+过去分词;又知 films 是复数,所以此处 应用 have been produced.故选 B. 6.【解答】答案:A.
首先根据语境\"我认为应该在河上面建造一座桥.\",宾语从句的主语 a bridge 是动作 build 的 承受者,表示\"被建造\",确定用被动语态,根据句意用情态动词 should,含有情态动词的被动 语态的构成是:主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词. 故答案为:A
7.【解答】答案:D 根据 The World Expo(世博会)in Shanghai now.可知这句话的主语 是 The World Expo,是动作的承受者,它和动词 hold 构作成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态, 根据 now 可知应该用现在进行时态,故应用现在进行时态的被动语态,现在进行时态的被动语 态的构成:be+being+过去分词.故选:D. 8.【解答】答案 D
根据 soon.可知句子所使用的时态为将来时;再根据 the things 作主语,它是 send 这个动 作的承受着,当主语是动作的承受着时,可知句子所使用的语态应该为被动语态.所以句子所 使用的应该是一般将来时的被动语态,构成为:will+be+动词过去分词.故选 D.
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