专业英语四级(作文)模拟试卷138(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（作文）模拟试卷138 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 6. WRITING

PART VI WRITING

1． Read carefully the following excerpt on garbage classification and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then comment on whether individuals and companies should be punished for incorrectly disposing of garbage. You should support yourself with information from the excerpt. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Greater Public Participation Needed to Sort Garbage Correctly Residents will be fined 50 yuan maximum and organizations not more than 50,000 yuan for not throwing rubbish correctly in Guangzhou, capital of south China’s Guangdong province. The regulation will take effect on Sep. 1 this year. An official with the local city planning management sector said that the organizations that fail to correctly dispose of garbage will be fined in the grace period, but individuals violating the rules will not be punished. Property management companies worried about the effective implementation of the regulation, saying that they can only encourage or persuade residents to put waste in the right places but they are not able to fine the violators. They have to pay more money to hire cleaners to relocate the rubbish to the right places, which means the property management fees will accordingly rise. Currently the law enforcement department is only responsible for supervising whether the waste in the residential areas is correctly disposed, and as for how to require individuals to handle garbage classification, it is up to the property management companies. This seems to clearly define the roles and responsibilities of different parties, but the lack of public participation might undermine the intentions of the garbage-sorting campaign. The garbage classification law is something new in China, and the relevant government departments should pay more attention to raising public awareness to deal with garbage correctly instead of simply imposing harsh punishments on them.

正确答案： Unnecessary to Punish People for Incorrect Garbage Disposal A regulation, which stipulates fines for individuals and organizations who fail to correctly dispose garbage, is due to take effect this year. The new regulation is aimed at raising public awareness of dealing with garbage. Although the roles are well defined for the property management companies and the law enforcement department, the former still fret over the effective implementation of the regulation because they have no rights to fine the violators. As far as I am concerned, punishments for incorrectly disposing of garbage are not necessary. To begin with, the authorities have long ignored to teach citizens how to properly dispose of garbage. Consequently,

a majority of citizens have no knowledge of throwing rubbish correctly. Therefore, however heavy the punishments may be, the effort will only come to naught. Besides, compared with punishments, the better way to raise public awareness of correctly disposing of rubbish is the spread of knowledge. Government should conduct more activities to teach people the exact way of dealing with garbage. Only when the people have a thorough understanding of how to handle their garbage can they really participate in the correct garbage disposal. In conclusion, I think punishments for incorrect disposal of garbage are unnecessary.

解析： 本题主要讨论是否应该因为不合理处理垃圾而受罚。首先应当总结概括材料中内容，再给出自己的观点。文章结构可安排如下： 第一段：简要概括材料内容，提出自己的看法——因不合理处理垃圾而受罚是没有必要的。 第二段：分两点论证自己的观点。首先，由于有关单位忽视教会市民如何正确处理垃圾，因此大部分人并不知道如何合理处理垃圾，罚款只能是徒劳无功；再者，与罚款相比，更有效的措施莫过于传播垃圾要如何合理处理的相关知识。 第三段：总结全文，重申观点——因不合理处理垃圾而受罚是没有必要的。 知识模块：作文

2． Read carefully the following excerpt on wanghong effect and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then comment on wanghong effect. You should support yourself with information from the excerpt. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Cyber-Celebrity Culture is Warping Chinese Youth The recent online debut of a new girl band, who calls themselves “Sunshine”, has made waves on the interwebs. These teens, with their “unattractive” and “fat” appearance and laughably bad singing skills, induce ferocious criticism, but at the same time, thrive on it. This, of course, is not the first time that ugly, untalented wannabe celebrities have made headlines in China. Back in 2006, Furong Jiejie (“Sister Lotus”), a 20-something woman in Beijing, posted her narcissistic pictures of plump figure, plain face and inelegant dance moves. Those won her a nationwide following as well as paid appearances on television. Surely enough, after Sister Lotus started appearing on prime-time television, a whole slew of copycat “ugly” girls also started blogging about themselves. And following Sunshine’s explosion on social media, numerous new bands like “Power Girls” “Love-wings” and “Superstar” starring average-looking adolescent girls started popping up on people’s mobiles. Some people think that this kind of grass roots self-promotion is fantastic for Chinese youth who may not otherwise have any opportunities or privileges to get them ahead in China’s competitive society, but for those middle-class kids who come from good backgrounds and receive excellent educations, there is a rising concern among parents that social networking is distracting these kids from academics. What’s worse, they also fear that the narcissistic addictions of the students to social media will interfere with learning knowledge and real-life skills, leaving an entire generation of wired youth with absolutely no other recourse once their online followers forget about them.

正确答案： The Negative Effects of Wanghong Effect China is witnessing the internet swarming with wanghong, the grass-root internet celebrities who win nationwide popularity by pulling stunts. Some people deem this as a good way for these wanghong to get themselves known. But for parents of students who receive good educations, they fret over the distractions of the social networking on their children that may eventually leave them with no real-life skills and knowledge to survive in the future. As far as I am concerned, this wanghong effect will exert negative influences on our society. To begin with, the internet celebrities’ behaviors convey wrong values to children or teenagers. A majority of internet celebrities attract their followers by conducting delirious, dangerous activities, making cynical remarks about things people hold a grudge against, showing off their wealth, or even worse, displaying violence and sex. This will undeniably shape the kids’ values in a negative way. What’s more, wanghong effect poses a threat to the social order. For example, the recent news has it that some wanghong dined on an underground train during rush hours. This not only presents a threat to other passengers’ safety, but also breaches the traffic rules. In conclusion, I think the wanghong effect will exert negative influences on our society.

解析： 本题的主旨是对网红效应做出评价。首先应当总结概括材料中内容，再给出自己的观点。文章结构可安排如下： 第一段：简要概括材料内容，提出自己的看法——网红效应带给我们社会的影响是消极的。 第二段：分两点铺陈论述自己的观点。第一，他们发表的内容传达的是错误的价值观；第二，网红效应对社会秩序造成威胁。 第三段：总结全义，重申观点——网红效应对我们社会的影响是消极的。 知识模块：作文

3． Recently, “workfare” has been developed in some countries to replace the traditional “unemployment welfare”. Under “workfare” models, welfare recipients are obliged to perform some work or undergo training in exchange for their welfare payments. Do you think “workfare” models are a sensible choice. The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.YES Workfare offers the unemployed opportunities to develop skills to work their way out of poverty. Productive work raises the expectations of those involved by increasing their self-respect and provides them with more confidence in their abilities. It also develops skills associated with work, such as time keeping, taking and giving instructions, working in a team, accepting responsibility and prioritising. Such skills may seem mundane, but they are very valuable to employers. Workfare schemes require applicants also to search for work whilst completing the schemes. Moving from a traditional something-for-nothing welfare scheme to a workfare system stops all these individuals from being burdens on the state, cutting welfare rolls very rapidly and allowing the government to concentrate upon assisting

the truly needy.NO Workfare is actually a more expensive option than traditional unemployment benefit. The jobless are ultimately given at least the same amount of taxpayers’ money, but the state also has to pay the costs of setting up the schemes, the materials, the wages of supervisors, transport and childcare, etc. In a recession, when the numbers of the unemployed rise substantially, the costs of work-fare schemes could be prohibitive and lead to the collapse of the policy. Furthermore, even if the state wanted to, they couldn’t enroll everyone—given that most people who lose a job find another within six months, there’s no point dragging people into these schemes who will find work anyway given a little more time.

正确答案： Workfare Is Necessary and Beneficial Recently, workfare programs have generated considerable debates and controversies. Some people believe that workfare can help the unemployed develop skills and reduce the financial burden on the state. Others argue that workfare programs cost more than traditional welfare schemes. Personally, I think workfare will benefit the unemployed and the community as well. First, workfare programs aim to break the cycle of poverty in which welfare dependence can become a way of life. A workfare model typically not only focuses on social protection through welfare payments, but also encourages workers to get into work. Furthermore, putting unemployed people into a workplace-like environment tends to remove one of the biggest barriers to employment—the lack of recent job experience. Thus the combination of job search support and employment experience, even at entry level, enables one to better find gainful long-term employment. Second, workfare systems contribute to the communities where unemployed people are obligated to undertake work. Taxpayers may feel that they get more value for their welfare dollars when they observe welfare recipients working for benefits, making such programs more politically popular. Perhaps most importantly, these programs will consequently support social cohesion and help build the overall social fabric of communities. Therefore, it is necessary and beneficial to implement workfare programs.

解析： 本题的主旨是讨论失业补贴是否应当通过劳动获得。材料中给出了两方观点，首先应该总结归纳正反方意见，再给出自己的观点。文章布局可安排如下： 第一段：建议概括支持和反对失业保险通过劳动获得的观点，提出自己的观点——通过劳动获得失业补贴，对失业者个人和社区都有益。 第二段：列出论据论证自己的观点。首先，通过劳动获得，失业者摆脱领取失业金的命运：第二，通过劳动获得，失业者对社区有益。 第三段：归纳全文，重申观点——通过劳动获得失业补贴是有必要，有益处的。 知识模块：作文

4． In recent years, postponing the retirement age has become a hot topic that people talk about every day. Is it necessary to postpone the retirement age? The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a

loss of marks.YES With the country’s pension fund gap becoming wider than ever, retirement age should be postponed immediately. Postponing the retirement age will benefit the companies which need highly-skilled and experienced workers to perform certain tasks that are beyond the scope of younger workers. As for the old, postponing the retirement age is also beneficial to them. Because they can not only earn money to cover daily expenses, but also make their talents and skills recognized and valued.NO Postponing the retirement age will bring a lot of harm. One is the stress of unemployment. With the growing number of students graduating from school every year, it is more and more difficult for them to land a good job. If the retirement age is postponed, it will be even harder for them to find a job. Postponing the retirement age is not good news to the enterprises, either. Old workers are unable to fully concentrate on their work; therefore, the efficiency of enterprises will be greatly reduced.

正确答案： To Postpone or Not To Postpone As China’s population ages, postponing the retirement age has been under heated debate. Supporters believe that having those highly skilled and experienced “old” labor force work longer will not only narrow the country’s pension fund gap, but also be beneficial to the companies in desperate need of their skills and experience. As for the workers, when their valuable skills are recognized, they will derive more pleasure from their prolonged working life. Meanwhile, opponents argue that old workers unable to concentrate on working will decrease the company’s efficiency and take new graduates’ jobs as well. I believe the retirement age should be postponed for the following reasons. To start with, the 21st century has seen an unprecedented aging population, which means there will be more elderly people above the age of 65. More elderly population may signal heavier economic stress on fewer young workers, and therefore getting those at the retirement age to work will drastically relieve them of their economic stress. What’s more, postponing the retirement age will benefit the companies which need highly-skilled and experienced workers to perform certain tasks that are beyond the scope of younger workers. As for the old, postponing the retirement age is also beneficial to them, for they can not only earn money to cover daily expenses, but also make their talents and skills recognized and valued. In conclusion, population aging raises the critical question for the whole society, and postponing retirement age is one of the effective measures to be adopted.

解析： 本文主题鲜明，提供的材料是对是否推迟退休年龄做出讨论。首先总结正反方的意见，然后给出个人观点。 文章结构可安排如下： 第一段：简要概括支持和反对推迟退休年龄的两方的观点，并提出自己的观点——支持推迟退休年龄。 第二段：直击正方观点漏洞，分三点铺陈论证。首先，人口老龄化严重，过多的退休老人对年轻人来说是沉重的压力；其次，有些任务年轻人不能完成，企业更需要有经验，有技术的老年人；第三，老年人老有所为，更能体现自己的价值，得到社会的认同。 第三段：总结全文，重申观点——推迟退休是解决人口老龄化的办法之一。 知识模块：作文

5． Human flesh search means using the Internet to expose information

about people who are thought to deserve no privacy. Is human flesh search a righteous act? The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.YES With the convenience of the Internet, the righteous people take matters into their own hands and seek justice on the Internet. More and more people who have committed crimes are found and punished by the public. As a result, human flesh search is helpful in keeping justice online.NO Privacy is a basic right for everyone, even for criminals. Therefore, the action of cyber violence and privacy violation should not be encouraged by the public. What’s more, human flesh search can be misused on purpose. If you don’t like someone, you can lie about him. So strangers will attack him, which will bring the innocent a lot of troubles.

正确答案： Never Using Violence to Solve Violence Whether to use human flesh search has widely aroused the public’s attention. Supporters believe that human flesh search makes it possible to punish criminals and keep justice online. However, some argue that it has violated people’s privacy. In my view, human flesh search is not righteous and should never be abused. Firstly, human flesh search is a problematic approach for the reason that it leads to the abuse of power. In many cases, the person being searched is treated illegally and brutally by netizens who expose their personal information unrestrictedly in the name of justice. Furthermore, human flesh search has gone beyond simply posting pictures and news, it is a potent weapon that often leads to “cyber-bullying”. In China, for instance, after being exposed the phone number, address and workplace, victims may receive hundreds of phone calls cursing them and even death threats for what they have done. It is also important to note that there are many cases where the family members of these victims are also laid bare to the public. Even if the person at the center of the human flesh search did something wrong, what crime did their family commit? Why do they need to be punished? In conclusion, although the majority of netizens abhor evil and injustice, the practice of using violence to solve violence is not the right way for a civilized society. I believe human flesh search should be regulated strictly.

解析： 本题的主旨是讨论人肉搜索是否正义。题目中给出两方观点，支持方认为人肉搜索可以通过网络找到罪犯，伸张正义。反对方认为人肉搜索侵犯了隐私，会导致网络暴力。写作时可先概括两方观点，再提出自己的观点。考生可以这样安排： 第一段：概括两方观点，提出自己的观点——人肉搜索不是正义之举，不能滥用。 第二段：阐明原因。第一，人肉搜索会导致权力滥用和网络欺凌；第二，会使无辜的家人受到殃及。 第三段：总结全文，重申观点——不能以暴制暴，人肉搜索必须得到控制。 知识模块：作文