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课堂练习(第四章)学生版(1)

2023-05-25 来源:飒榕旅游知识分享网
课堂练习(第四章)

一、A型题(单项选择题)

1.(2008)结构与β受体拮抗剂相似,具有轻度β受体拮抗作用的抗心律失常药物是( ) A.盐酸普鲁卡因胺 B.盐酸利多卡因 C.盐酸普罗帕酮 D.奎尼丁 E.盐酸美西律 2.(2004)利多卡因在体内的主要代谢产物是( )

A.N-脱乙基物 B.酰胺水解,生成2,6-二甲基苯胺 C.苯核上的羟基化产物 D.乙基氧化成醇的产物 E.N-氧化物

3.(2003)下列二氢吡啶类钙离子拮抗剂中2、6位取代基不同的药物是( ) A.尼莫地平 B.尼群地平 C.氨氯地平 D.硝苯地平 E.硝苯啶 4.(2008)结构中含有六元内酯环的血脂调节药物是( )

A.阿托伐他汀 B.吉非贝齐 C.非诺贝特 D.洛伐他汀 E.氯贝丁酯 5.(2007)洛伐他汀的作用靶点是( )

A.血管紧张素转化酶B.磷酸二酯酶C.单胺氧化酶D.羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶 E.酪氨酸激酶 6.(2007)对单硝酸异山梨醇酯描述错误的是( )

A.原是硝酸异山梨酯的活性代谢产物 B.作用时间达6小时 C.脂溶性大于硝酸异山梨酯 D.无肝脏的首过代谢 E.作用机制为释放NO血管舒张因子 7.(2005)可以做强心药的是( )

A.羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂 B.磷酸二酯酶抑制剂 C.碳酸酐酶抑制剂 D.血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 E.环氧和酶抑制剂 二、B型题(配伍选择题)

(2006)A.氨氯地平 B.尼卡地平 C.硝苯地平 D.尼群地平 E.尼莫地平 8.二氢吡啶环上,2、6位取代基不同的药物是( )

9.二氢吡啶环上,3、5位取代基均为甲酸甲酯的药物是( ) 10.二氢吡啶环上,3位取代基为甲酸甲氧基乙酯的药物是( )

(2004)A.血管紧张素转化酶 B.β肾上腺素受体 C.羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶 D.钙离子通道 E.钾离子通道

11.普萘洛尔的作用靶点是( ) 12.洛伐他汀的作用靶点是( ) 13.卡托普利的作用靶点是( ) 14.氨氯地平的作用靶点是( ) 三、X型题(多项选择题)

15.(2008)某男62岁,患有高血压,长期服用卡托普利,但近期出现干咳副作用,下列药物中适合该患者的替代药物有( )

A.福辛普利 B.马来酸依那普利 C.氯沙坦 D.赖诺普利 E.缬沙坦

16.(2005)遇光极易氧化,使其分子内脱氢,产生吡啶衍生物的药物有( ) A.硝苯地平 B.尼群地平 C.去甲肾上腺素 D.肾上腺素 E.维拉帕米

17.简述二氢吡啶类药物构效关系。

18.以2-(2-噻吩基)乙胺为起始原料合成氯吡格雷。 19.以邻苯二酚为起始原料合成肾上腺素。

20.下列实验室常用溶剂按极性从小到大顺序排列正确的是( ) A 石油醚>苯>乙醚>氯仿>乙酸乙酯>丙酮>乙醇>甲醇>水 B 苯>石油醚>氯仿>乙醚>乙酸乙酯>丙酮>乙醇>甲醇>水 C石油醚>苯>氯仿>乙醚>乙酸乙酯>丙酮>乙醇>甲醇>水

D苯>石油醚>乙醚>氯仿>乙酸乙酯>丙酮>乙醇>甲醇>水 E苯>石油醚>氯仿>乙醚>乙酸乙酯>乙醇>丙酮>甲醇>水 21.下列有关萃取的说法,正确的的是( ) A 尽量采用少量多次的原则

B 发生乳化,有时可通过加入电解质的方法消除 C 发生乳化,有时可通过加热的方法消除 D 发生乳化,有时可通过冷却的方法消除

E 发生乳化,有时可通过加入更强的表面活性剂的方法消除 22.从柱层析分离原理看,不同于其他填料的是( )

A.100~200目硅胶 B.300~400目硅胶 C.氧化铝 D.碳18 E.聚酰胺

23.将磺胺醋酰制成钠盐时,应严格控制NaOH溶液的用量,现有12.5g 磺胺醋酰需制备成磺胺醋酰钠,需20% NaOH溶液多少ml?

24.根据图示回答下列问题:

(1)图中A、B、C、D各为什么?

(2)若B层为苯酚、间苯二酚、乙酰水杨酸,C层为聚酰胺,流 动相为氯仿:甲醇(5:1),则出层析柱的先后顺序应为?

(3)若其他条件不变,C层改为C18,流动相为甲醇:水(5:1)则 出层析柱的先后顺序应为?

翻译:

This review is an updated and expanded version of two prior reviews that were published in this journal in 1997 and 2003. In the case of all approved agents the time frame has been extended to include the 251/2 years from 01/1981 to 06/2006 for all diseases worldwide and from 1950 (earliest so far identified) to 06/2006 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide. We have continued to utilize our secondary subdivision of a “natural product mimic” or “NM” to join the original primary divisions. From the data presented, the utility of natural products as sources of novel structures, but not necessarily the final drug entity, is still alive and well. Thus, in the area of cancer, over the time frame from around the 1940s to date, of the 155 small molecules, 73% are other than “S” (synthetic), with 47% actually being either natural products or directly derived therefrom. In other areas, the influence of natural product structures is quite marked, with, as expected from prior information, the antiinfective area being dependent on natural products and their structures. Although combinatorial chemistry techniques have succeeded as methods of optimizing structures and have, in fact, been used in the optimization of many recently approved agents, we are able to identify only one de novo combinatorial compound approved as a drug in this 25 plus year time frame. We wish to draw the attention of readers to the rapidly evolving recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are actually produced by microbes and/or microbial interactions with the “host from whence it was isolated”, and therefore we consider that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.

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