2020年山东卷真题
A
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength1 have helped you face challenges2 in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice3. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed4 by author Corinne Szabo and pilot5 Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges6 will choose up to7 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of8 Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■ Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■ Write by hand9 or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■ On the same sheet10 of paper, write or type your name, address11, telephone number, and birth date. ■ Mail your entry12 to us by October 31 this year. 1. 2.
How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. A. A plane ticket. C. A special T-shirt. 3.
A. Typing your poem out.
重点短语词汇：
1.strength[streŋθ] n.体力，力量；强度；毅力；实力
2.challenge[ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战；质询，质疑；挑战书，（比赛等的）邀请；
v.向（某人）挑战，强烈建议（某人做某事）；对…怀疑（或质疑）
3.choice[tʃɔɪs]n.选择; 选择权; adj.上等的，精选的; 4.sign[saɪn]n.招牌，指示牌，标志；迹象；手势;符号,记号;
v.签（名）,签字；打手语;和…签约（或应聘）
5.pilot[ˈpaɪlət]n.飞行员， 向导; [机械学]导向器（或轴）;
vt.驾驶; 试验; 为（船舶）引航（或操舵）; adj.试验性的; 导向的; 驾驶员的; 辅助的;
6.judge[dʒʌdʒ]vt.& vi.审判; 断定; vt.估计; 评价; 想，认为; n.法官; 裁判员; 7.up to多达; 直到; 在于…; 能胜任;
B. Three. C. Four.
D. Six.
What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
B. A book by Corinne Szabo. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
Which of the following will result in13 disqualification?
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
8.in memory of[作为对某人的纪念;
9.line[laɪn]n.线条， 排， 行列；界线；台词 vt.排队; 沿…排列成行; 10.by hand用手的，亲自的; 手工;
11.sheet[ʃiːt]n.纸; 被单; 一张（通常指标准尺寸的纸）; 一大片（覆盖物）; 表格; 12.address[əˈdres]n.地址; 通信处; 演说; 称呼;v.寄给; 演说; 向…说话; 称呼; 处理; 13.entry[ˈentri]n.进入，入场; 入口处，门口; 登记，记录; 参加比赛的人; 14.result in引起，导致，以…为结局; 落得; 致使;
长难句：Judges[主语] will choose[谓语] up to 50 honorable mention winners[宾语], (who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight)[定从].
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构；who 引导定语从句修饰先行词winners。
B
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical1 college student to pursue2 her goal of earning3 a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit4 when Jennifer graduated from5 University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran6 the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended7 a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra8 money set aside9 for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling10.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to11 college to advance12 her career and to be able to better13 support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph^ Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to14 home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover15 the bills16, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times17.
Through it all, she remained18 in good academic standing19 and graduated with honors20. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,\" she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing21 their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration22 to her family - and that’s pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. C. To save money for her parents. A. Her health.
B. To learn from the best nurses. D. To find a well-paid job there.
B. Her time with family. D. Her chance of promotion. B. Love breaks down24 barriers. D. Education is the key to26 success.
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? C. Her reputation. A. Time is money.
重点短语词汇：
1.typical[ˈtɪpɪkl]adj.典型的; 特有的或特别的; 代表性的;
2.pursue[pəˈsjuː；pərˈsuː]vt.继续; 追求; 进行; 追捕;vi.追，追赶; 继续进行; 3.earn[ɜːn；ɜːrn]vt.& vi.赚得; 获得; 赢得; 博得;vt.赚，赚得; 获得; 挣得; 使得到; 4.bear[beə(r)；ber]n.熊; （在证券市场等）卖空的人; 蛮横的人;
vt.忍受; 承担; 支撑; 生育;vi.生（孩子）; 结（果实）; 与…有关; bear fruit结出果实，奏效; 坐果; 结实; 结果;
5.graduate from从…毕业; 进步， 进展; 6.run[rʌn]vt.& vi.跑; 移动; （使）流动;
n.奔跑; 行程; 放映期; 一系列; 趋向，态势; vi.（工作等）进行; 延续; 逃跑; 行驶; vt.使奔跑; 使…快速移动; 运行，经营; 划;
7.attend[əˈtend]vi.出席; 侍候，照顾; 关注; vt.出席，参加; [常用被动语态]（作为结果、情况）伴随; 照顾; 陪伴;
8.extra[ˈekstrə]adj.额外的，补充的，附加的; 特大的，特别的;
n.附加物，额外的事物; 临时演员; 号外; 上等产品，上品; adv.额外地; 格外地，特别地;
9.set aside把…放置一旁; 不理会; 取消; 留出;
10.schooling[ˈskuːlɪŋ]n.学校教育; 通过经历或体验获得的教育; 学费; 训练;
vt.教育(school的ing形式); 训练;
11.go back to回到; 追溯到;
12.advance[ədˈvɑːns;ədˈvæns]vt.（使）前进; 将…提前; 预付; 提出;
vi.（数量等）增加; 向前推（至下一步）; 上涨; n.增长; 借款; （价格、价值的）上涨; 预付款; adj.预先的; 先行的;
13.better[ˈbetə(r)；ˈbetər]adj.较好的; 更合适的; 能力更强的; 好转的;
7. What can we learn from23 Jennifer’s story? C. Hard work pays off25.
adv.更好地; 更妥; 更;v.胜过; 上进; n.更好者; 更有才智者;
14.close to离…近; 与…关系密切; 近乎; 临近;
15.cover[ˈkʌvə(r)；ˈkʌvər]v.覆盖;遮盖;行走（一段路程）;采访；涉及
n.（书刊的）封面，封皮;覆盖物；
16.bill[bɪl]n.账单; 钞票; 清单; 广告; 法案;
vt.安排; 给…开账单; 为…发提（货）单; 把…登录在账;vi.鸟嘴相接触;
17.at times有时; 有时，间或;
18.remain[rɪˈmeɪn]vi.留下; 保持; 留待; 依然;n.遗迹；剩余物，残骸; 19.standing[ˈstændɪŋ]n.起立，站立; 身份，地位; 持续时间;
adj.长期有效的; 直立的; 固定的;
20.honor[ˈɒnə；ɑːnər] n.尊敬; 敬意; 荣誉; 光荣; vt.尊敬，给以荣誉; 21.witness[ˈwɪtnəs]n.目击者，见证人; [法]证人; 证据;
vt.出席或知道; 作记录; 提供或作为…的证据;vi.做证人; 见证;
22.inspiration[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]n.灵感; 鼓舞人心的人或事; 启发灵感的人（或事物）; 吸气; 23.learn from向…学习，从…获得[吸取]; 效法;
24.break down失败; 划分（以便分析）; 损坏; 衰弱下来; 分解; 25.pay off付清; （某行动） 取得成功; 带来好结果; 26.the key to关键是（在于）; 长难句：
1. After high school[状语], Jennifer[主语] attended[谓语] a local technical college[宾语], working to pay her tuition (学费) [状语], (because there was no extra money set aside for a college education)[状从].
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构；after high school 为介词短语做时间状语；working…为分词做伴随状语；because…为原因状语从句。
2. She[主语] decided [谓语] to go back to college [宾语]to advance her career and to be able to better support her family [目的状语] while[时间状从] doing something she loves: nursing[定从].
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构，其中宾语为不定式；to advance her career and to be able to better support her family是由and连接的两个不定式做目的状语；while引导的时间状从中含有一个省略关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词something。
C
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer1 in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically2 broken and having lost his mind3. A few years later, still attracted 4 to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up5 involving6 a lot more than that. Hence7 this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, (which) talks about a road trip8 from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of9 lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up10 his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts11 in Tashkent, and a string12 of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look13 at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste14 of police methods when suspected15 of drug16 dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened17 by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights18 and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate19 stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid20 description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A. His friends’ invitation. C. His love for teaching.
B. His interest in the country. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to21? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell’s road trip in Uzbekistan? A. Romantic.
B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. D. To recommend a travel destination.
11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. C. To remember a writer.
重点短语词汇：
1.volunteer[ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)]n.志愿者; v.自愿做; 义务做;
2.physically[ˈfɪzɪkli]adv.体格上，身体上; 物理上; <非正>完全地;
3.attract[əˈtrækt]vt.吸引; 诱惑; 引起…的好感（或兴趣）;vi.具有吸引力; 引人注意; 4.end up<非正>（以…）结束; 最终成为[变得]; 最后处于 5.involve[ɪnˈvɒlv]vt.包含; 使参与，牵涉; 围绕，缠绕; 使专心于; 6.hence[hens]adv.因此，所以; 从此; 从此处;
7.trip[trɪp]n.旅游; 幻觉; 绊倒; v.绊倒; 轻快地走; 产生幻觉; 8.millions of成千上万的…，无数的…; 9.pick up捡起; 接载; 学会; 逮捕;
10.string[strɪŋ]n.绳子;植物纤维; 串; [计算机科学]字符串;
vt.上弦，调弦; 使排成一行或一系列; 绑，系或用线挂起; 延伸或扩展; adj.由弦乐器组成的；弦乐器的,线织的；线的;
11.look[lʊk]vt.& vi.看，瞧;注意; 面向; 寻找; 看起来好像;
n.看; （尤指吸引人的）相貌; 眼神; 样子;
12.taste[teɪst]n.味道; 滋味; 味觉; 风味;
vt.& vi.尝，品尝;浅尝; 略进（饮食）; （少量地）吃; 有某种味道;
13.suspect[səˈspekt , ˈsʌspekt]vt&vi.猜疑（是）; 怀疑; 怀疑…有罪;n.嫌疑犯; adj.可疑的; 14.drug[drʌɡ]n.药物; 药剂; 麻醉药; 毒品;
vt.（在食物或饮料中）投放麻醉药，下麻醉药; 掺麻醉药于; 使服麻醉药; 使服毒品; 15.insight[ˈɪnsaɪt]n.洞察力; 直觉; 领悟; 顿悟;
16.delicate[ˈdelɪkət]adj.微妙的; 熟练的; 纤弱的; 易损的;
17.vivid[ˈvɪvɪd]adj.生动的; （记忆、描述等）清晰的; （人的想像）丰富的; （光、颜色等）鲜艳的，耀眼的;
18.refer to涉及; 指的是; 适用于; 参考; 将…转到（医院或专科医生）; 长难句：
1.A few years later[时间状语], still attracted to the country[原因状语], he [主语]returned to[谓语] Uzbekistan[宾语] to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea[目的状语].
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构；a few years later为时间状语；still attracted to…为过去分词短语做原因状语；to write…整体为目的状语 。
2.Hence this book[主语], Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia(主语同位语), talks about[谓语] a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan[宾语], (where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea).
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构，其中主语this book后有一个主语同位语；宾语中含有一个由where引导的定语从句修饰先行词Karakalpakstan。
3.It[主语] is[谓语] the story [宾语] (of an American travelling to a strange land[定语], and of the people （he meets on his way）[定从1]: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old (who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers[定从2])). 解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构；其中story含有两个由and并列的定语of an American和of the people; American后的travelling to a strange land为现在分词作American的后置定语；he meets on his way是省略了关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词people; 后面的Rustam…and a string of foreign aid workers是people的同位语，且含有定从2.
4. Mr Bissell[主语] (skillfully) organizes[谓语] historical insights and cultural references, [宾语] making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, [状语] seen from Western eyes. [状语] 解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构；making…为现在分词作结果状语；seen为现在分词作方式状语。
2020山东 D 篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state⑩, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin version⑪s of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit⑫, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took, significantly⑬ more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participant⑭s followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential⑮ when we’re making decisions. If this fellow⑯ participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I will have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust⑰ the influence. If an overweight⑱ person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back⑲ a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim⑳, why can't I?
【重难点词】
1. consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] n. (能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量;消费 2. companion [kəmˈpæniən] n. 伙伴，同伴; 旅伴，陪伴
3. intake [ˈɪnteɪk] n. (食物、饮料等的)摄取量，吸入量;(一定时期内)纳入的人数 4. contrary to 跟…相反；违反; 悖;
⑨
⑧
⑥
⑦
⑤
②
③
④
①
5. appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt] n. 食欲，胃口
6. social [ˈsoʊʃl] adj. 社会的; 交际的，社交的; 群居的; 合群的; 7. conduct [ˈkɑːndʌkt] v. 组织; 实施; 执行; 指挥; 传导（热或电） 8. individually [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəli] adv. 分别地;单独地;各别地 9. help herself to a snack 让她随意吃点心/小吃 10. state [steɪt] n. 状态;状况;情况;国家;州;邦 11. version [ˈvɜːrʒn] n.版本; 译文; 说法 12. follow suit照着做;仿效
13. significantly [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli] adv. 有重大意义地;显著地;明显地;有某种意义;别有含义地;意味深长地 14. participant [pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt] n. 参与者;参加者 15. influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃl] adj. 有很大影响的;有支配力的 16. fellow [ˈfeloʊ] adj. 同类的;同情况的；同事的;同伴的 17. adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v. 调整;调节;适应;习惯
18. overweight [ˌoʊvərˈweɪt] adj. 太胖的;超重的;超过限制重量的;过重的
19. hold back 抑制住，忍住（眼泪、笑声等）；（使）犹豫;（使）退缩；阻挡;阻止；保留;隐瞒 20. slim [slɪm] adj. 苗条的;纤细的; 不足的;少的;小的
【长难句】
contrary to existing research [状语] that says you should avoid eating with heavier people [定从1] who order large portions (份) [定从2], it’s the beanpoles with big appetites [后置定语] you really need to avoid [定从3].
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主系表结构。
that引导的定从1修饰research，定从1中嵌套一个who引导的定从2（修饰heavier people）。 with big appetites做后置定语，修饰beanpoles； 定从3修饰beanpoles，省略掉了引导词that/whom。 句子翻译：与认为“你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭”的现有研究相反，你真正应该避免的是瘦瘦高高的人并且胃口很好的人。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
③
④
①
②
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking . People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 20 It’s rare⑪ to hear someone say, “1 wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, ”I’m glad that talk is over. It seem⑫ed to go on forever⑬!'' So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation⑭ just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting⑮ restlessly⑯ in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end . A. Do the opposite⑰.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip⑱.
D. When it comes to⑲ public speaking, less is usually more.
G. However, the majority of⑳ people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【重难点词】
1. individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] n. 个人; 个体 adj. 个人的; 个别的 2. gift [ɡɪft] n. 天赋，天资; 赠品，礼物; 3. principle [ˈprɪnsəpl] n.原则，原理; 准则，道义;
4. master [ˈmæstər] v. 精通;掌握;控制(情绪);控制(动物或人) 5. focus on 关注，聚焦于
6. at the expense of 以…为代价;以牺牲…的利益为代价 7. wander [ˈwɑːndər] v. 走神，神志恍惚；漫游，闲逛，流浪； 8. constantly [ˈkɑːnstəntli] adv. 始终;一直;重复不断地
9. absorb [əbˈzɔːrb] v. 理解，掌握 ； 吸收(液体、气体等); 使并入，吞并; 10. on a consistent basis持续地;始终如一地
11. rare [rer] adj. 稀少的;稀罕的;珍贵的;半熟的;半生的
12. seem [siːm] v. (涉及推断)好像，似乎，看来; (用以缓和语气)感到好像，觉得似乎;(表示不确切或客气)
看来好像
13. forever [fərˈevər] adv. 永远,长久地; (与动词进行时连用)老是，没完没了地 14. presentation [ˌpriːzenˈteɪʃn] n. 展示会，介绍会，发布会; 陈述，报告 15. shift [ʃɪft] v. 转移，挪动; 更替，变动
16. restlessly [ˈrɛstlɪslɪ] adv. 不安地，慌张地，无休止地
17. opposite [ˈɑːpəzɪt] adj. 相反的，迥然不同的；对面的，另一边的; 18. a minor slip小失误
⑩⑦
⑧
⑨
⑤
⑥
19. when it comes to 涉及到;谈到;说到 20. the majority of大多数
【长难句】
It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats [状语] waiting for your speech finally to end [状语] .
解析：句子主干为红色字体，主系表结构。It为形式主语，不定式结构to leave your listeners wishing for more为真正的主语。
than shifting restlessly in their seats 做比较状语；waiting for your speech finally to end现在分词做状语，表伴随状态，动作与shifting restlessly同时发生。
句子翻译：给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。
山东卷完形填空 重难点词汇
decline[dɪˈklaɪn]
n.下降; （力量、健康、品格、权力、价值等的）衰退; 下倾; （人、生命等的）衰退期; vt.& vi.辞谢，谢绝（邀请等）;
solution [səˈluːʃn] n.解决; 溶解; 溶液; 答案;
shelter [ˈʃeltər]
n. 居所; 避难所; （无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所; 遮蔽; vt. 掩蔽; 庇护; 保护; vi. 躲避; 避难;
department [dɪˈpɑːtmənt] n.部门，部; 系，学部; 知识范围; 车间; Platform [ˈplætfɔːrm] n.台; 站台; 平台; 纲领;
tough [tʌf]
adj.坚强的，坚韧的，不屈不挠的; 艰苦的，困难的，难办的; 牢固的，强壮的; 粗暴的; n.粗暴的人; 暴徒，恶棍;
antique[ænˈtiːk]
adj.古老的，古代的; 过时的，古董的; 古时制造的; 古风的; n.古玩，古董; 古风，古希腊和古罗马艺术风格; historical [hɪˈstɔːrɪkl]
adj.历史的，历史上的; 有关历史研究的; 有根据的; 基于史实的;
object [ˈɒbdʒɪkt]
n.物体; 目标; 宾语; 客体，对象;
v.不同意；不赞成；反对,提出…作为反对的理由；抗辩说; vi.不赞成，反对; 抱反感; vt.提出…作反对的理由;
core [kɔːr]
n.中心，核心，精髓; 果心，果核; [地质学]地核; [计] 磁心; vt.去（果）核，挖去…的果心; 提取岩芯（样品）;
adj.最重要的；主要的；基本的,核心（ 信念、价值、原则等）,核心成员的；骨干的;
gallery [ˈɡæləri]
n.画廊，走廊; （教堂，议院等的）边座; 旁听席; 大批观众;
settlement [ˈsetlmənt]
n.解决; 结算; <律>金钱或财产的转让（契约）; 沉淀; 定居点; accuracy [ˈækjərəsi]n.精确（性），准确（性）;
entertainment [ˌentərˈteɪnmənt] n.娱乐，消遣; 招待，款待; 娱乐节目; amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n.娱乐; 游戏; 文娱活动; arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v.安排; 筹备; 整理; 排列; 谱写;
长难句分析
1. He realized that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.
He(主语) realized（谓语） that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat（宾语）. 本句主干：He realized that it was because there weren’t trees.
2. The solution was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
The solution （主语）was（谓语） to plant trees（表语） so（引导并列句） the animals （主语）could seek（谓语） shelter（宾语） during the daytime（状语）. 本句主干: the solution was to plant trees.
3. His efforts have resulted in 1, 360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. His efforts（主语） have resulted in（谓语） 1, 360 acres （宾语）of naturally-grown land （后置定语）that（引导定语从句） has become（系动词） home（表语） to many plants and animals（后置定语）. 本句主干: His efforts have resulted in 1, 360 acres.
4. They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died.
They（主语）kept（谓语） their collection（宾语） at home（补语） until （引导时间状语从句）it （主语）got（系动词） too big（表语） or （引导并列句）until （引导时间状语从句）they （主语）died（谓语）.
本句主干: They kept their collection at home.
5. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟）and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
As well as looking at exhibits（状语）, visitors（主语）can play（谓语） with computer simulations (模拟）（状语）and imagine（谓语） themselves（宾语） living at a different time in history（补语） or（引导并列补语） walking through a rainforest（补语）. 本句主干:visitors can play and imagine themselves .
2020年山东高考
读后续写
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy - his name was Bernard - had interested her very much.
“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).”
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. I’ll tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn (爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 【重点单词】
1. community [kəˈmjuːnəti] n. 社区；社会团体；共同体；[生态] 群落 2. struggle [ˈstrʌɡl] vi. 努力; 搏斗；奋斗；争取； n. 打斗；竞争；奋斗
3. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n. 挑战；盘问；质疑；怀疑；vt. 质疑；向…挑战；vi. 提出挑战，要求竞赛
（或竞争）；驳斥
4. suffer [ˈsʌfər] vi. 受痛苦；受损害；变糟；变差；vt. 遭受；忍受；容忍；容许；
5. spring [sprɪŋ] vi. 跳，跃；突然发出或出现；发源；劈开，裂开；vt. 突然跳出；跳过；使开裂；
n. 春季；泉水，小溪；弹簧，弹性；跳跃； spring的过去时sprang；过去分词sprung 6. accomplish [əˈkɑːmplɪʃ] vt. 完成；达到（目的）；走完（路程、距离等）；使完美; 【重点短语】
1. in decline 在衰退中 2. make ends meet 使收支相抵 3. all kinds of 各种各样的 4. take care of 照顾；照看
5. spring to one’s feet 跳起来 【长难句分析】
1. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.
解析：句子主干：she told her； 介词短语about a family作状语，定语从句she had visited the day before，修饰先行词a family, 省略关系代词that / which.
2. I have a solution that we can all help accomplish.
解析：句子主干：I have a solution. 定语从句that we can all help accomplish, 修饰先行词solution.
山东卷语法点句子搜集 1. 从句
1）定语从句
Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.
Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.
There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy.
I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成)
2）名词性从句
He wants very much to earn some money, but I don’t see what he can do.”
3）状语从句
That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.
She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. However, they took, significantly more when the actor was thin.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?
Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”
So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one.
2. 非谓语动词
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.
After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,\" she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.
He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.
A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.
The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard.
It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
3.时态语态
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own
In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.
Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. I wish that speaker had spoken longer.
Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.
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