2022年高考英语真题之全国甲卷阅读理解D篇

2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步加强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。

1.3 关注时代发展，引导培养核心素养

英语科试卷通过选择具有时代特征的语篇，倡导学生养成独立思考的学习习惯，培育乐于探究的科学精神，构建友好互助的人际关系。

英语科试卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。

"c":"【原卷32-35题】关键词说明文城市建设文化发展沿革城市发展问题与对策

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there —broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.

"c":"Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we wentour separate ways —he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.

“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.

“How do you mean?” I asked.

“Oh, they’re replacing th em with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”

Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,”she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”

"c":"On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,”he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”

He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. Sydney’s striking architecture.

B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.

C. The key to Sydney’s development.

D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.

33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?

A. He goes to work by boat.

B. He looks forward to a new life.

C. He pilots catamarans well.

D. He is attached to the old ferries.

34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?

A. It is losing its traditions.

B. It should speed up its progress.

C. It should expand its population.

D. It is becoming more international.

35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?

A. A city can be young and old at the same time.

B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.

C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.

D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.

32-35 CDAA

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。

32. C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s,

"c":"a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor thatmakes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。

33. D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss thes e old boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。

34. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。

"c":"35. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。

说明文变式训练

32-35-1【基础】

Eco City Farms(生态城市农场)are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United states.

Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community(社区). People do not have very much money. And they have limited access (获得)to fresh food in markets.

"c":"Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here,” he says,“ You know, you connect with the ea rth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together,” she continues, “Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration(示范) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.” she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.

Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal(地热)system.

Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.

“I like eating the vegetables ”says five-year-old Owen Moss.

32. What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A. Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.

B. Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better.

"c":"C. Eco City Farms are influencing community life.D. Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.

33. According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT______.

A. shopping centers

B. car repair shops

C. fast-food restaurants

D. working-class community

34. What is the author’s attitude toward Eco City Farms?

A. Doubtful.

B. Disappointed.

C. Surprised.

D. Enthusiastic(热心的).

35. Eco City Farm gets its power from

A. local electricity networks

B. the sun with solar panels

C. the green house

D. a geothermal system

"c":"32-35 DCDB【解题导语】这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场在美国的城市乡村越来越受欢迎，它如何运作，给环境带来的好处。

32. D考查主旨大意题。根据第一段的句子：Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.可知生态城市农场在美国的城市乡村越来越受欢迎。故选D。

33. C从第一段的句子：Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community.Maryland位于购物中心、汽车修理店和住宅区附近，邻居是劳动阶级团体。由此判断A、B、D都是对的，故选C。

34. D考查判断推理题。A. Doubtful怀疑的；B. Disappointed 失望的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Enthusiastic(热心的)。从字里行间，特别是第三段的句子;Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration (范例) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.我们在这里做的每一件事是向人们展示关于如何拥有一个生态美好的社区的范例。可知作者对生态城市农场是很有热情的。故选D。

35. B考查细节理解题。这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场，这是以环保为理念的农场。根据文章第五段的Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels 生态环保

农场是一个试验操作。农场不是从当地的发电网络中获得电力，而是从太阳能板上获取太阳能。A. local electricity networks当地的发电网络；B. the sun with solar panels带有太阳能板的太阳能；

C. the green house绿色家园；

D. a geothermal system地热系统。故选B。

32-35-2【基础】

You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.

It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.

Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.

"c":"There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.The small waves that tap theshoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.

It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.

There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.

For now you just count your blessings(福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾).You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.

"c":"The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.

“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder.

32. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, ______.

A. he found it unworthwhile

B. he failed to sort himself out

C. he became sensitive to smell

D. he had difficulty in finding it

33. What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?

A. No menu.

B. Free food.

C. Self service.

D. Quick delivery.

34. In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ______.

"c":"A. sits in a beach chairB. forgets his daily routine

C. plans a detailed schedule

D. draws pictures in the sand

35. What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?

A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.

B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.

C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.

D. He should have come to the place earlier.

32-35 DABD

32-35-3【巩固】

"c":"One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the 'last paradise (天堂) on earth'.However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.

Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.

"c":"Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organisation; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village workinghis own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.

The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important that those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies, if not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.

31. What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?

A. The Pacific island is a paradise.

B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.

C. The advertisement is not convincing.

D. The advertisement is not impressive.

32. The example of Nepal is used to suggest ______ .

A. its natural resources are untouched

B. its forests are exploited for farmland

C. it develops well in health and education

D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists

33. What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?

A. They are happy to work their own lands.

B. They have to please the tourists for a living.

C. They have to struggle for their independence.

D. They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.

34. Which of the following determines the future of tourism?

A. The number of tourists.

B. The improvement of services.

C. The promotion of new products.

D. The management of tourism.

35. The authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ______.

A. optimistic

B. doubtful

C. objective

"c":"D. negative31-35 CDBDC

32-35-4【巩固】

How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.

With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.

"c":"Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effectsthroughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack.

And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.

Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.

32. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?

A. The living habits of species in food webs.

B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.

"c":"C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.

33 What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?

A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.

B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.

C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.

D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.

34. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?

A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.

B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.

C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.

D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.

"c":"35. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A. By getting illegal practices under control.

B. By stopping us from killing large predators.

C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.

D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.

32-35 BDAD

【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原则。科学家们说一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统，该系统将会发出信号告诉我们人类活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，允许我们采取措施将生态系统从边缘拉回来。

32.细节理解题。根据第一段中With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。

"c":"33.推理判断题。根据第二段中In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack.可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。

34.推理判断题。根据第四段And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知，无计划的人类活动证明了由顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中，我们大规模捕捞鳕鱼等顶级捕食者，而在陆地上，我们杀死狼等大型捕食者。这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动会极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。

35.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。

32-35-5【提升】

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

"c":"The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out waterstress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).

Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

32. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B. The increasing variety of California big trees.

C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.

33. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?

A. Ecological studies of forests.

B. Banning woodcutting.

"c":"C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.

34. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?

A. Inadequate snowmelt.

B. A longer dry season.

C. A warmer climate.

D. Dampness of the air.

35. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?

B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon

C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?

D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California

32-35 ADCA

【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。

"c":"32. A。主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。

33. D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。

34. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。

35. A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。

31-35-6【真题】（2015湖南卷）

"c":"In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuckup to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.”

The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.

This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second

"c":"the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.

31. The author mentions the joke to show ______.

A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago

B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy

C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous

32. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.

A. get rid of the street dirt

B. lower the Chicago River

C. fight against heavy floods

D. build the pipes above ground

33. The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “_______”.

A. change

B. lift

C. repair

D. decor ate

34. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?

A. It went on smoothly as intended

B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.

C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.

D. It separated the building from its foundation.

"c":"35. The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.A. popular life styles and their influences

B. environmental disasters and their causes

C. engineering problems and their solutions

D. successful businessmen and their achievements

31-35 BDBAC

【解题导语】本文属于说明文阅读，本文讲述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案。

31. B。细节推理题。根据文章的第一段第一句话“In early history Chicago had floors frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck.”可知芝加哥因为洪水的经常泛滥导致大街上总是泥泞不堪，行人，马和车全部都堵在路上。所以作者提及那个玩笑是为了突出芝加哥这一特点，故选B。

"c":"32. D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“An engineer named Eill Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover then cover with dirt”（一位名叫埃尔·切斯布罗夫的工程师说服了市政府，他们别无选择，只能在地上修建管道，然后再用泥土覆盖）可知以Eill Chesbrough为首的人们认为应该在地上埋下排水管道，故选D。

33. B。词句猜测题。根据后文“Small wood-frame building could be lifted fairly easily.”（小型木结构建筑可以很容易地被吊起来）可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高。所以划线词的意思是“提高，吊起”的意思。故选B。

34. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的倒数第二句话“At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.”(在Pullman的指导下，每个人同时抬起他们手中的千斤顶，因此建筑就被慢慢地、平整地抬起来了)由此判断出, 关于特里蒙特酒店的搬迁，我们能得的结论是一切如常顺利进行。故选A。

35. C。主旨大意题。文章的第一段就提出芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来的段落讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到这些方法虽然解决当前的问题，但是随之而来的又会冒出一些新的问题有待解决。故文章主要是关于是建工程问题及其解决方案，故选C。