考点一：人称代词
人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。 1. 主格在句中充当主语。
2. 宾格在句中充当动词的宾语或表语、介词的宾语。 3. it的其他用法
★it 可在句中作形式主语或宾语,不定式(短语)作真正的主语或宾语。 ★it还可以表示时间、天气、距离等。
★it用来指上文所提到的那个事物，即指代“同名同物”。注意：one 用来指代“同名异物”，即指代前面出现的名词或名词短语所表示的那个事物，并不是特指同一个事物。
考点二：物主代词
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 1. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，不能单独使用。
2. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语，可与of所有格连用。 考点三：反身代词
1. 反身代词表示“某人自己的”，在句中可用作动词或介词的宾语，也可用作主语或宾语的同位语，表示强调。
2. 含有反身代词的固定搭配有by oneself (独自), for oneself (为自己), enjoy oneself (过得愉快), help yourself / yourselves to sth. (随便吃……), teach oneself (自学), dress oneself (给自己穿衣服), believe in oneself (相信自己), behave oneself (举止得体), keep it to oneself (不把某事告诉别人), think about oneself(为自己着想), feel sure of oneself (自信)等。 考点四：指示代词（this, that, these, those）
1. that和those可用于比较结构来替代前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 2. 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。 【考例链接】
( )1. The Browns had a party with their neighbors yesterday. ______ all enjoyed themselves.
A. We B. You C. Them D. They
(2015 甘肃兰州)
( )2. Televisions have made ______ possible for us to watch movies at home. A. that B. this C. it D. they (2014 甘肃平凉) ( )3. When we got to the park yesterday, ______ started raining. A. that B. it C. this (2015山东菏泽) ( )4. I can’t find my ticket. I think I have lost ______. A. it B. one C. this D. them (2016天津) ( )5. —I can’t find the magazine I bought this morning. —Well, Jack is reading ______ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours? A. it B. that C. one D. some (2016江苏无锡) 考点五：不定代词 1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的区别 指代﹨词义 两者 可数名词的三者或三者以上；不可数名词 都 both all 任何一个 either any 都不 neither none 2. one, another, the other, some, others, the others的区别 单数 一个/一些 one 另外一个/一些 another another+单数名词 other+复数名词 others 剩余的一个/一些 the other the other+单数名词 the other+复数名词 the others 复数 some 3. none, nobody / no one, nothing的区别 none 指代 人或物 用来回答 how many / how much 相当于 not a / an / any+名词； no+名词 nobody / no one nothing 人 物 who what not anyone / anybody not anything 4. many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别 所修饰的词 可数名词 不可数名词 多 many much 少(否定意义) few little 有一点儿 (肯定意义) a few a little 5.当形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词(如something, nothing等)时，位于复合不定代词之后。 6. some，something 用于一般疑问句时，表示期待对方的肯定回答。 7. 表示“另外几个……”时，可用“another +数词+可数名词的复数形式”或“数词+more +可数名词的复数形式”。 【考例链接】 ( )1. —Don’t be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you? —No, I won’t. I know that ______ of us are perfect after all. A. none B. neither C. each D. all (2016山东滨州) ( )2. —Sir, ______ called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later. —OK. Thanks, Nancy. A. someone B. nobody C. anyone D. everyone (2016山东济南) ( )3. —There’re four bedrooms in the house, ______ with its own shower. —That’s what I want. I’ve got a few kids. A. either B. neither C. each D. none (2016湖北武汉) ( )4. —Who was hurt in the traffic accident? —______.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing
(2016黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
( )5. —Have you finished your homework yet? —No, I’ll finish it in fifteen ______ minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. some
(2016甘肃天水)
考点六：疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which。
1. who 通常对表示人的主语、宾语、表语提问；whom对表示人的宾语提问；whose在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2. what和which均可置于名词前作定语，不同的是，which一般用于有选择范围的情况，what用于无范围或选择范围不清楚的情况。 3. what用来询问职业，who用来询问身份。 【考例链接】
( )1. —______ did you write to last night? —A pen pal.
A. What B. Where C. Whom
(2016黑龙江绥化)
( )2. —______ is your father? —He’s an engineer in a big factory.
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
(2016山东东营)
( )3. —I’ve found a wallet at the gate. ______ is it? —Oh, it’s mine.
A. Where B. What C. Whose
(2015山东威海)
( )4. —______ did you visit Taiwan with, Sarah? —My parents. We had a good time there. A. What B. Who C. Where D. When
(2016山东济南)
( )5. —______ teachers will you miss the most after junior high school, Lisa? —Ms. Lee and Mr. Hunt.
A. Whose B. Which C. What
(2016山东菏泽)
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．书面表达
安全对于每个人都很重要。中学生年龄较小，学生安全更是人们关注的焦点。请根据以下提示，写一篇关于学生安全的英语作文。 内容提示：
1.交通安全：遵守交通规则，不闯红绿灯等； 2.食品安全：吃健康食物，不吃垃圾食品等；
3.活动安全：进行体育锻炼时，不要弄伤自己，不私自下河游泳等。 提示词语：
study hard, read, healthy food, exercise, help, chores, at home, Travel Safety is very important to everyone.
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】Safety is very important to everyone. Middle school students are like precious flowers – so their safety is becoming a focus for us all.
First, we must obey the traffic rules when we go out. Don’t cross the street when the light is red. Secondly, we should eat healthy food. Don’t eat junk food. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Eat less meat and eggs. Finally, be careful not to hurt yourself while you are playing outside. It’s dangerous to go swimming by yourself, so don’t go swimming without permission. These are some important safety tips to remember. 【解析】 【详解】
这是一篇材料作文。本文所给材料比较详细，我们要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并适当发挥。根据材料内容可知本文主要使用一般现在时，主语是第一人称。写作时注意人称、时态的搭配及主谓一致问题。同时适当使用连接词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。 【点睛】
这篇短文涵盖了题目要求的所有要点内容，表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑。在文章的结构组织上很好地使用了简单句和复合句，文章脉络清晰，自然流畅。同时，文章还使用了一些常用的句式和短语，如：祈使句的使用、we must、we should、in a word、 It’s +形容词+ to动词不定式结构以及序数词的使用等，这为文章增色不少。在学习中注意积累，牢记一些常用句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。
3．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写．．．．作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 题目①
假如你是李华，本周六龙湖公园将举办端午节游园活动。你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter和你一起参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你们见面的时间、地点，在那儿可以做些什么以及他需要做什么准备。
提示词语: meet, take part in, the dragon boat race, make Zongzi, camera… 提示问题:
When and where are you going to meet? What can you do there?
What do you advise Peter to prepare? Dear Peter, How is it going?
This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities in Longhu Park. I’m writing to invite you to go there with me.
__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua
题目②
“我们都在努力奔跑, 我们都是追梦人。”有梦想就有目标, 有希冀才会奋斗。某英文网站正在开展以“We Are All Dreamers”为主题的征文活动, 假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈谈你的梦想是什么？你为什么会有这样的梦想？为了实现你的梦想, 你打算怎么做？ 提示词语：want to be, like, study hard, come true... 提示问题：● What's your dream and why? ● What will you do to make your dream come true? 【答案】例文：Dear peter, How is it going?
This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities inLonghu Park. I’m writing to invite you to go there with me. We are going to meet at the south gate of Longhu Park at 9 o’clock. We can watch the dragon boat race. It’s very exciting. After that, we will learn how to make Zongzi. I think you will be interested in it. By the way, you can take a camera or your smart phone if you want to take some photos.
I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇给材料作文，给Peter写一封信，邀请他参加端午节游园活动，告诉我们见面的时间、地点以及要做的活动。 【详解】
结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一、三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：This Saturday is……，There will be……，We are going to……，We can watch……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。 【点睛】
本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头表示我邀请你参加端午节游园活动，接下来介绍我们见面的时间和地点以及可以做的事，最后期望收到你的回复。此处invite sb to do sth, learn to do sth, be interested in, by the way, look forward to等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。
4．假设你是来自中国的中学生李华,打算参加当地组织的国外冬令营,看完了这个网页后,你打算给Liz Payne留言,表达你在冬令营期间想去London Canal Museum参观的愿望。 内容包括： 1.简单介绍自己；
2.留言目的(包含冬令营的时间,听Liz Payne的讲座)； 3.预期收获。 作文要求：
1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名；
2.语句连贯,词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数,也不必抄写在答题卡上。 Dear Liz Payne, I’m Li Hua,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
【答案】Dear Liz Payne,
I’m Li Hua, a middle school student learning in Grade 3 in China. I’m writing to tell you that our city will have a Winter Camp during this winter vacation. I hope to have a chance to visit London Canal Museum. From www.canalmuseum.org.uk, I know you will have a report “An Update on the Cotswold Canals”February 6th, which will happen during the same period of our Winter Camp. And I also hope to listen to your talk so that I can know more about the Stroudwater Canal, the
Thames and Severn Canal. What’s more, I hope to learn more about London Canal Museum and even more about the UK. I’m looking forward to your reply!
Yours, Li Hua
【解析】
这篇作文要求我们以中学生李华的身份，给Liz Payne写一个留言。文章内容主要包括三个部分：首先是介绍自己的身份；然后写留言的目的，包括冬令营的时间、想要去参观London Canal Museum以及听Liz Payne的讲座；最后简单介绍一下你的预期的收获。写作时，应根据题目的这些要求，组织语言，串联成一篇短文。通过分析可知，这篇短文应使用第一人称I来叙述，时态应以一般将来时态和一般现在时为主。注意英语句子的表达和汉语习惯是不同的，不能逐词翻译，而应从句子的整体考虑，使用正确的句式结构以及适当的词汇、短语和句型，保证句子的准确性和语言的地道。另外还应注意语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意连贯。穿插一些高级词汇和复杂句式，提升文章档次和水平，使表达更加流畅。
点睛：这是一篇优秀的作文。首先短文内容完整，包含了题目要求的所有信息，没有遗漏要点。作者主要从三个方面叙述：首先介绍了自己的身份和写留言的目的；接下来详细介绍了自己参加这次冬令营的愿望；最后是一个简单的结尾。如果分段叙述效果则会更好，那样会使文章的层次更加清晰。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，文章以第一人称、一般将来时和一般现在时为主，谓语动词形式准发，语法规范，符合英语句子的表达习惯。短文以简单句结构为主，也使用了一些复合句和较高级的句型，如I’m writing to tell you that our city will have a Winter Camp during this winter vacation.中使用了宾语从句；From www.canalmuseum.org.uk, I know you will have a report “An Update on the Cotswold Canals” February 6th, which will happen during the same period of our Winter Camp.中有一个非限制性定语从句；And I also hope to listen to your talk so that I can know more about the Stroudwater Canal, the Thames and Severn Canal.中有一个结果状语从句等。整篇文章语句通顺、意思连贯、表达流畅。
5．书面表达
共享单车为我们的生活带来了极大的便利。假设你是红星中学九年级学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国最新出现的一种共享单车“mobike”很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。
请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1. 这种单车的使用方法（如：APP查看车辆、扫码开锁等）；2. 这种单车的优势；3. 你对这种单车的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：智能手机smartphone；扫码scan the QR code；交通工具a means of transportation。 Dear Jim,
I’m siting to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest
letter. ______
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope to ride a mobike with you in China. Yours, Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest letter.
It’s very convenient to use if you have a smartphone. What you do is to find a nearest mobike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy your trip.
Compared to other forms of sharing bike, the greatest advantage of mobike is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. It is becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well. Hope to ride a mobike with you in China. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】
这是一篇要求介绍关于共享单车的一些事情。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。
6．加入你是英国交流学生 Neil，你在南京 Sunshine Middle School 两个月的学习生活即将结束。请你根据以下提示，以 Neil的名义，用英语给 Sunshine Middle School 校长写一封感谢信。
➢ what you've learned about Chinese culture ➢ how the teachers and students help you ➢ what your homestay family do for you 注意：
1. 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥。
2. 词数 80 左右，感谢信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 Dear Sir/Madam,
I would like to express my thanks to you. During my two-month stay in Nanjing, I feel really grateful for what you have done for us. 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I would like to express my thanks to you. During my two-month stay in Nanjing. I enjoyed myself very much.
I took the rich and colourful courses. I have learned Chinse Kungfu from a P.E. teacher.It is really amazing! I also know something about Chinese paper-cutting in Art lessons.Though I can’t speak Chinese.I have little difficult talking with the teachers and students here,theyare always ready to help me.
I felt excited when I spent a weekend with a family. In their family,they taught me how to make dumplings.We also visited Confucins Temple.We had a good time together. I feel really grateful for what you have done for us. 【解析】 【详解】
本文是一篇书信作文。根据以下提示，以 Neil的名义，用英语给 Sunshine Middle School 校长写一封感谢信。文章时态用一般过去时，人称主要为第一人称。本文所给材料比较详细，考生要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并可适当发挥。在写作时，注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。 【点睛】
点睛：首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
7．书面表达
近年来，人们非常关注学生的安全。很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动，如春游、夏令营、野餐等。假设你是育英中学的一名学生张明，请给郑校长发一封电子邮件，就此发表自己的看法。要点如下：
1. 安全第一，但开展一些户外活动还是有必要的； 2. 通过这些活动，学生不仅能增长知识，还能开拓视野； 3. 与大自然亲密接触，能增强同学们的环保意识；
4. 建议学校在活动之前教给学生一些安全常识，让学生学会保护自己和自救。 参考词汇：outdoor activities户外活动；open up one’s eyes开阔视野 注意：1. 词数80—100； 2. 请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3. 文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4. 邮件的开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Mr. Zheng,
I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m Zhang Ming, a student from Yuying High School. I’m writing to you about outdoor activities.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Zhang Ming
【答案】Dear Mr. Zheng,
I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m Zhang Ming, a student from Yuying High school. V m writing to you about outdoor activities.
Could you please organize some outdoor activities for us, dear headmaster? Of course, safety comes first. But it’s necessary for us to take part in such activities.
In my opinion, we can learn more knowledge and open up our eyes in this way. What’s more, it’s a good way for us to learn to protect the environment by staying close to the nature. And we can get on well with our teachers and classmates.
Why not show us some safety knowledge before these activities. It’s a good chance for us to learn to protect and save ourselves. Best wishes! Yours, Zhang Ming 【解析】 【详解】
近年来，人们非常关注学生的安全。很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动，如春游、夏令营、野餐等。假设你是育英中学的一名学生张明，请给郑校长发一封电子邮件，就此发表自己的看法。这是一篇给材料作文，介绍自己的度假计划本文做给材料比较详细，叙述中注意将要点中的事情介绍清楚，可以适当取舍。动笔前先根据材料确定时态，句式，词汇等主要内容。根据内容可知本文时态问题比较复杂，注意时态与时间状语的搭配问题，人称主要是第一人称。写作中注意使用连接词，注意表达的多样化，做到语意连贯符合逻辑。 【点睛】
文中用到了一些好的句型，这些句型给文中增色不少，如：Could you please organize some outdoor activities for us；In my opinion, we can learn more knowledge and open up our eyes in this way.
8．书面表达
初中生活即将结束。在这三年里你的生活中定不乏难以忘怀的人或事，请以“An unforgettable in my school life”为题，用英语写一篇短文。讲述 一个你最难忘的人或事。
要求: 1.请补全题目，如teacher. classmate或trip等: 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校姓名; 3.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺，80词左右。 【答案】An unforgettable teacher in my school life
For these three years, I regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers. She not only helps me with my English but also cares for me in life. When I first learned English ,I dared not talk in her class because of my pronunciation. She taught me how to pronounce the words correctly again and again with patience. After class , she gave me lots of advice on how to learn English well. Now I can speak English as well as my classmates. She looks after me like my mother while I am busy studying. We have fun doing sports together .She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life. 【解析】 【分析】
本篇是话题作文，介绍自己难忘的人或事。 【详解】
1.本篇要求学生自己补全题目，确定写作的目标，写自己3年初中校园生活里难忘的人或事，描述难忘的人用第三人称，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，开头和结尾一般性阐述，用一般现在时；书写时要围绕中心“unforgettable”，叙述清楚具体的事件或情节，文章结构要清晰明了，注意短语、句型的正确使用。
2.本篇例文叙述难忘的英语老师，开头句“regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers.”直入主题，正文部分详细描述了老师如何耐心的多方面的帮助自己，结尾句.She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life.呼应中心词unforgettable。整篇文章结构严谨，紧扣主题，前呼后应。
3.高分亮点：巧用连词， not only…but also，because of as well as，so…that…句子得以有机结合；短语how to do sth，teach sb to do sth，care for也为文章的语言增色不少。
9． 阅读可以使人开阔视野，阅读可使人心旷神怡，不管是参加中国汉字听写大会，还是中国诗词大会，都需要有良好的阅读基础。下面请大家谈谈阅读的好处并在生活中养成良好的阅读习惯。
注意：作文字数，不低于60字.
参考词汇：increase our knowledge open up our eyes improve writing skills learn the world affairs without going out make the life colorful
Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading.
【答案】Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading.
Firstly, reading increases our knowledge. It teaches us skills about getting a good job, cooking and so on. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve writing skills. Before you learn to write, you must know how others write. Thirdly, reading can open up our eyes and we can learn the world affairs without going out. we can know how things happened in the history and how to avoid bad things from happening. Finally, reading all kinds of books can make our life colorful.
Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading 【解析】
此篇书面表达是根据提示介绍读书的好处及养成良好的阅读习惯。文章的时态以写作时为主。写作时注意firstly，secondly，thirdly，Finally的使用。开篇点题，分析读书的好处。最后发出呼吁让人们读书。
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