The famous places of interest in the world

The famous places of interest in the world (一)

2007-09-23 21:23

Angkor is the most important monument of the south-east Asian Khmer Empire and the world’s largest sacred temple. Built during the reign of King Suryavaman, at the beginning of the 12th century, Angkor is noted for its intricate ornamentation and striking beauty. With its water moats, concentric walls and magnificent temple mountain in the center, Angkor Wat symbolizes the Hindu cosmos, with its oceans at the periphery and the Meru mountain at the center of its universe.

吴哥窟建于

12世纪初的苏耶跋摩国王统治时期，不仅是东南亚高棉帝

国最重要的标志，同时也是世界上最大的圣庙。吴哥窟的建筑装饰丰富多彩，常给人以美仑美奂的感觉。吴哥寺的护城河、同心墙和位于中心的辉煌的寺庙山岩，是浩瀚的印度宇系的象征。在这个宇系内，Meru山是宇宙的中心，海洋则是宇宙的外围。

Mohammed I, the first king of the Nasriden – a Moorish dynasty in Granada - converted a 9th-century castle into his private royal residence, and it is this which we now know as the Alhambra. The structure, which covers an area of 13 hectares, is renowned for its stunning frescoes and interior detail. The building is one of the finest examples of Moorish architecture in the world and

is among Europe’s most-visited tourist attractions.

穆罕默德一世，即纳斯利德王朝（一个在格兰纳达的摩尔王朝）的第一位国王，将一座9世纪的古堡改建成了自己的豪华私人宫殿，这就是我们今天所知的阿勒罕布拉宫。阿勒罕布拉宫共占地13公顷，内部的天花板设计和墙上的雕刻装饰精美无比，是宫殿闻名于世的重要原因。阿勒罕布拉宫也是摩尔建筑艺术在世界上的经典代表，是欧洲最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。

Built atop what is known as the “Sacred Rock” of Athens, the Acropolis was to radiate power and protection for its citizens. The temples of the Acropolis have become the some of most famous architectural landmarks of ancient and modern history. Today, the Parthenon in particular is an international symbol of Greek civilization. A graphic illustration of the temple also appears in the UNESCO logo, representing culture and education.

雅典卫城建立在雅典的“圣山”上，曾给希腊人民带来无穷的力量和强大的保护。卫城里的神庙是世界古代和现代建筑史上一个亮丽的瑰宝。今天，帕台农神庙已成为希腊文明的国际性象征。此外，神庙的图片也出现在了联合国教科文组织的图标上，是文化和教育的代表。

Chichén Itzá, the most famous Mayan temple city, served as the political and economic center of the Mayan civilization. Its

various structures - the pyramid of Kukulkan, the Temple of Chac Mool, the Hall of the Thousand Pillars, and the Playing Field of the Prisoners – can still be seen today and are demonstrative of an extraordinary commitment to architectural space and composition. The pyramid itself was the last, and arguably the greatest, of all Mayan temples.

位于墨西哥尤卡塔半岛上的奇琴伊查是玛雅古国最著名的城邦遗址，它曾是古玛雅文明的政治和经济中心。城内至今仍可见的古迹主要有库库尔坎金字塔、Chac Mol寺庙、千柱林和囚犯竞技场。这些建筑在空间和造型组合上均充分体现出了玛雅人杰出灵动的建筑意识。而金字塔本身，则是众多玛雅寺庙中最后、也是最杰出的代表作。

The creation of Gustave Eiffel, this magnificent steel tower has come to serve as a symbol of Paris, as well as of France itself. The structure is not only a landmark that is recognized all over the world, but is perhaps the most popular architectural achievement in the Western world. It was the tallest man-made structure in the world until the Empire State Building was constructed. The tower is visited by six million people every year.

由法国建筑师Gustave Eiffel设计的埃菲尔铁塔早已成为巴黎乃至法国的特征性标志。铁塔不仅是全世界公认的里程碑性建筑，还可能是西

方世界里最受欢迎的建筑作品。直至纽约的帝国大厦建起之前，埃菲尔铁塔一直是全世界最高的建筑物，每年都会有600万的游客，从世界各地来到巴黎，一睹铁塔的风采。

The Great Wall of China was built to link existing fortifications

into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of China. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is disputed that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this colossal construction.

中国的万里长城是中国古代为抵御蒙古人入侵而建造的，它将已有的单个要塞连成一体，从而形成一个完整的防御体系。长城是世界上最大的人造工程，也是唯一可以从外太空看到的地球景观。为了修建巨大的长城，曾有上千万人为此献出了生命。

The Hagia Sophia was erected during the reign of Emperor Justinian (532 - 537 A.D.), when the Byzantine Empire was at the height of its power and influence. The massive dome, which is the prominent architectural feature, has since often been used as a model for the design of Islamic mosques. Indeed, after the fall of Byzantium, the Hagia Sophia was converted into an Ottoman mosque. Today, the monument is a museum serving both Christians and

Muslims.

圣索非亚大教堂建于东罗马皇帝Justinian统治时期（公元532年 – 公元537年），当时拜占庭帝国正处于鼎盛阶段。圣索非亚教堂恢宏无比，充分体现出了卓越的建筑艺术，从而也成为了后来伊斯兰清真寺的设计模板。事实上，自拜占庭帝国衰落后，圣索非亚大教堂已转变成了供奉阿拉的土耳其清真寺。如今，圣索非亚大教堂是属于基督徒和穆罕默德信徒共有的一个宗教博物馆。

Laid out in 794 A.D., the palaces and temples of Kyoto were the residences of Japan's emperors and shoguns for more than 1,000 years. The Japanese Emperor is enthroned at the Imperial Palace of Gosho. Among other significant works are the Higashi Nonganji and Nishi Hoganji temple complexes, the Kinkakuji Temple with its 'Golden Pavilion' and the Kiyomizu Temple, the temple of “clear waters.” The Kyoto sites have been destroyed and rebuilt many times throughout history and are today among Asia's greatest cultural heritage sites.

这些位于日本京都的宫殿和寺庙始建于公元794年，是日本皇帝和幕府将军1000多年来的寝宫和居所。其中，京都御所是日本皇帝的加冕仪式所在地。除此以外，其他著名的建筑还有东本院寺、西本院寺、带“金阁”的银阁寺和伴有“清水”的清水寺。历史上，京都曾被摧毁和重建

多次，如今，京都已是亚洲最伟大的历史文化遗产之一。

Built as a residence for Ivan I, the Kremlin was the official residence of the Czars until the 1917 Russian Revolution. Today, it still houses the President’s office. In front of the Kremlin is Red Square – an impressive and exuberant plaza which, for many people, is associated with the infamous May Day

demonstrations. Rising from the square is St Basil's Cathedral, built in the 1550s to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's capture of the Mongol stronghold of Kazan.

In short - vote for the Kremlin/St.Basil's,as a representation of Fortitude & Symbolism!

起初，克里姆林宫是作为伊凡一世的私人寝宫而建，此后，直至1917年的俄国革命，克里姆林宫一直是俄国沙皇的官方居所。即使在今天，它也仍是俄罗斯总统的办公室。克里姆林宫前的红场，虽然华丽万分，但对许多人而言，它却与臭名昭著的“五二一事件”息息相关。此外，红场上还矗立着壮观的瓦西里升天大教堂，是伊凡大帝为了纪念占领喀山蒙古要塞而在1550年代下令建造的

In the 15th century, the Incan Emperor Pachacútec built a city in the clouds on the mountain known as Machu Picchu (\"old mountain\"). This extraordinary settlement lies halfway up the Andes Plateau, deep in the Amazon jungle and above the Urubamba

River. It was probably abandoned by the Incas because of a smallpox outbreak and, after the Spanish defeated the Incan Empire, the city remained 'lost' for over three centuries. It was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911.

公元15世纪，印加王朝的国王Pachacutec在马丘比丘山脉（“古老山脉”）上修建了一座云中之城。这个非凡的居住地上延至安第斯山脉、下潜至亚马逊热带丛林，并位于Urubamba 河谷之上。历史上由于“天花”爆发，该城市遭到印加王朝遗弃。当西班牙人打败了印加帝国后，这座古城便“消失”了长达三个多世纪，直至1911年，耶鲁大学的考古学家海勒姆·宾厄姆发现了该城遗址。Machu Picchu (1460-1470), Peru

The Pyramids of Giza, the oldest and only Ancient Wonder still standing, are testimony to perfection in art and design, never subsequently achieved. They were built by planners and engineers purely to serve their earthy rulers - who were also their gods. Philosophy did not exist at this time, and creation was not subject to any questioning. The pyramids are the purest of constructions, built for eternity.

吉萨金字塔是古代七大奇迹中最古老且唯一得以保存的遗迹，它们在艺术和设计上均达到了完美的顶峰，以致没有后人能超越。这些金字塔是建筑师和工匠们为他们的统治者，也是他们的上帝，而建造的。由于在

那个时期哲学思想还没有出现，因此，创造活动不会受到任何质疑。古埃及金字塔是人类史上最完美的建筑，它们是为永恒而诞生的。 The Statue of Liberty was a gift of the French government to the United States to honor the ideals of freedom and independence. It was a very early gesture of national generosity. This huge statue became a symbol of hope and freedom for many hundreds of millions of people who immigrated to the United States during the 20th century to find a new life of peace and prosperity. It is also the one New7Wonders candidate that most closely resembles one of the Ancient 7 Wonders - The Colossus of Rhodes.

自由女神像是法国政府赠送给美国人民的礼物，用以赞许他们自由独立的精神。自由女神像不仅是早期国家之间慷慨礼对的见证，对于20世纪成千上万来到美国寻求幸福新生活的移民来说，自由女神像又是希望和自由的象征。此外，在21个新世界七大奇迹候选名胜中，自由女神像与古代七大奇迹中的罗德斯岛雕像最为相近。

Construction of Stonehenge took place between ca. 3000 and 1600 B.C. With each stone weighing around 50 tons, it is regarded as a truly amazing feat of engineering. Although it is not clear who built the monument, nor for what purpose, it has been speculated that it was either a temple dedicated to the worship of ancient earth deities, an astronomical observatory or a sacred burial

site.

英国史前巨石阵始建于公元前3000年左右，直至1400年后才完成全部建造。由于阵中的巨石每一块都重约50吨，巨石阵被看作是一项伟大的工程作品。虽然人们还不清楚，究竟是谁建造了这一奇特古迹，为什么建造了这一古迹，但人们推测，巨石阵要么是一个庙宇，用来礼拜远古的地球诸神，要么是一个天文台，或者就是一个神秘的墓地。 When the Sydney Opera House was finished in 1973, this landmark building - in the true sense of the expression, - put the whole continent of Australia on the world map. This building does not imitate or reflect what we generally imagine an opera house might look like, indeed, it is a completely abstract interpretation. The ability to create abstract art only developed after the invention of photography in the late 19th century, when painters first began to experiment with an abstract, cubist interpretation of reality.

当1973年悉尼歌剧院竣工时，这一具有里程碑性质的建筑最终从真正表现意义上将整个澳大利亚州摆放到了世界地图上。悉尼歌剧院没有模仿、也没有体现出人们通常所想象的歌剧院样式，事实上，它运用了一种完全抽象的诠释方式。但人们这种创造抽象艺术的能力只是在19世纪晚期摄影技术发明之后才得以发展，那时，画家开始尝试用抽象的、

立体的手法来表达现实世界。

This immense mausoleum was built on the orders of Shah Jahan, the fifth Muslim Mogul emperor, to honor the memory of his beloved late wife. Built out of white marble and standing in formally laid-out walled gardens, the Taj Mahal is regarded as the most perfect jewel of Muslim art in India. The emperor was consequently jailed and, it is said, could then only see the Taj Mahal out of his small cell window.

泰姬陵是莫卧尔王朝第五代皇帝沙贾汗为纪念其已故爱妻而下令修建的陵墓。陵墓由白色大理石砌成，四周是用红砂石筑成的高大围墙，非常宏伟壮观。泰姬陵被公认为穆斯林建筑艺术在印度最杰出、最完美的代表。人们传说，后来沙贾汗皇帝被囚禁起来，每天只能透过小小的囚窗来观望美丽的泰姬陵。

In the 12th century, Timbuktu was at the crossroads of the four most important caravan paths supplying the Arab world, which then spanned from the Middle East all the way to Spain. The accumulation of wealth made it one of the wealthiest places on earth at the time. This allowed one of the first universities in the history of humankind to be established– the celebrated Islamic university called the Koranic Sankore, where 20,000 students studied law, medicine, rhetoric, etc. Today, it remains

with us as a powerful myth and, in this way, resembles another Ancient Wonder,

the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

在12世纪的时候，廷巴克图是四大沙漠通道的交汇点，为横跨中东和西班牙的阿拉伯世界提供补给支持。财富的不断累积使廷巴克图成为当时地球上最富庶的地方之一，从而也让廷巴克图有能力兴建了著名的科兰尼克·桑科雷伊斯兰大学。该大学属于历史上最早建造的几个大学之一，总共有20000个学生学习法律、医学和文学等不同的科目。如今，廷巴克图对我们而言，仍是一个不可置信的神话，从这一点来看，廷巴克图与古代七大奇迹中的巴比伦空中花园确实非常相似。

The famous places of interest in the world (二)

分类： study 2007-09-23 21:27

Neuschwanstein Castle was built in a time when castles and fortresses were no longer strategically necessary. Instead, it was born of pure fantasy – a beautiful, romantic composition of

towers and walls in the perfect setting of mountains and lakes. The combination of various architectural styles and intrinsic craftwork has inspired generations of adults and children alike. 新天鹅堡修筑的时期正是城堡和要塞已失去了战略意义的时候。相反，新天鹅堡的诞生来源于童话般的梦幻基础，美丽、浪漫的塔楼和城墙都

建在山脉和湖泊恰到好处的位置上。各种不同的建筑风格和丰富的工艺完美的组合在天鹅堡上，激起了一代又一代，无论是大人还是孩童的无尽想象。

On the edge of the Arabian Desert, Petra was the glittering capital of the Nabataean empire of King Aretas IV (9 B.C. to 40 A.D.). Masters of water technology, the Nabataeans provided their city with great tunnel constructions and water chambers. A theater, modelled on Greek-Roman prototypes, had space for an audience of 4,000. Today, the Palace Tombs of Petra, with the 42-meter-high Hellenistic temple facade on the El-Deir Monastery, are impressive examples of Middle Eastern culture. 在阿拉伯沙漠的边缘，佩特拉古城曾是国王阿莱塔斯四世（公元前9年 –公元40年）当政时的纳巴泰王朝的首都。纳巴泰人是水设施技术方面的杰出大师，他们为佩特拉修建了伟大的水渠和蓄水池等供水系统。佩特拉城中有一个大竞技场，以希腊罗马的建筑为蓝本而建，可以容纳最多4000个观众。今天，佩特拉陵寝（在El-Deir 修道院上有一个高42米的希腊式庙宇正面建筑）已成为中东文化遗产的重要代表。 This statue of Jesus stands some 38 meters tall, atop the Corcovado mountain overlooking Rio de Janeiro. Designed by Brazilian Heitor da Silva Costa and created by French sculptor Paul Landowski, it is one of the world’s best-known monuments.

The statue took five years to construct and was inaugurated on October 12, 1931. It has become a symbol of the city and of the warmth of the Brazilian people, who receive visitors with open arms.

在里约热内卢的科尔科瓦杜山上有一座基督雕像，高达38米左右，雕像中的基督似乎正深情地俯瞰着美丽的里约热内卢。这座基督像是由一个叫Heitor da Silva Costa的巴西人和一个叫Paul Landowski的法国雕刻家分别设计和创造的，是世界上最著名的古迹之一。巨型雕像的制作共花费了五年时间，最终于1931年10月12日完成了落成典礼。巨大的基督像张开双臂，似乎正在欢迎来参观的游人。如今，基督像已成为美丽的里约热内卢和巴西人热情的象征。

This great amphitheater in the centre of Rome was built to give favors to successful legionnaires and to celebrate the glory of the Roman Empire. Its design concept still stands to this very day, and virtually every modern sports stadium some 2,000 years later still bears the irresistible imprint of the Colosseum's original design. Today, through films and history books, we are even more aware of the cruel fights and games that took place in this arena, all for the joy of the spectators.

位于罗马中心的壮观的斗兽场是古罗马当时为取悦凯旋而归的将领士兵和赞美伟大的古罗马帝国而建造的。斗兽场的建筑设计并不落后于现

代的美学观点，而事实上，大约2000年后的今天，每一个现代化的大型体育场都或多或少的烙上了一些古罗马斗兽场的设计风格。如今，通过电影和历史书籍等媒介，我们能更深切地感受到当时在这里发生的人与兽之间的残酷格斗和搏杀，而这一切，只是为了给作壁上观的观众带来一些原始而又野蛮的快感。

Discovered on Easter Sunday, 1722 by Dutch explorer Jakob Roggeveen, this collection of 25 meter-high stone sculptures still puzzles historians and archaeologists as to its origins. It is believed that a society of Polynesian origin settled here in the 4th century and established a unique tradition of monumental sculpture. Between the 10th and 16th centuries, they erected the enormous stone figures, known as the Moai, which have long fascinated the entire world and endowed this island with a mythical atmosphere.

智利复活节岛上的巨像是由荷兰探险家Jakob Roggeveen在复活节那天发现的，迄今为止，这些高达25米巨石像的来源仍是萦绕在历史学家和考古学家心头的一个谜。人们相信，4世纪时玻利尼西亚人移居至此并创造了独有的纪念雕像传统。在10世纪和16世纪之间，玻利尼西亚人在岛上竖起了这些巨大的石像，并将其叫做毛亚(Moai）。长久以来，毛亚让全世界的人在赞叹中而深深着迷，并为小岛蒙上了一层神秘的色

彩。