第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Britain's brilliant bridges have supported trade, brought communities together andare always the mostexciting part of the journey. These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.
Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol
Described byits legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as “my first love, my darling\designed for horse-drawn traffic. Now, more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1,352ft-long toll（通行费）bridge over the Avon Gorge. The £ 1 toll for every journey pays for its maintenance. The history of the bridge, dating back to 1864, is kept alive through a programme of tours, events and exhibitions.
Infinity Bridge, Stockton-On-Tees
A pedestrian（行人）and cycle footbridge across the River Tees, its working title was the North Shore Footbridge, before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009. It is particularly incredible at night. The arches（拱形）of the bridge are also lit white and, on calm nights, their reflection in the water appears as an infinity（无穷大）symbol, thus inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.
Tower Bridge, London
An engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Portland stone and steel, it took construction workers eight years to complete. More than 120 years old, it's a popular tourist attraction, as well as a functional bridge. Visitors can take in the views over the capital, experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor, and visit the Victorian Engine Rooms.
Iron Bridge, Shropshire
Opened in 1781 , this is the first arch bridge in the world made out of cast iron. Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution, it transformed the craft of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire. 1. Which bridge has the longest history?
A. Clifton Suspension Bridge. B. Infinity Bridge. C. Tower Bridge. D. Iron Bridge. 2. What can we know about Infinity Bridge?
A. It was originally meant for pedestrains. B. The public give it two names. C. Ifs well worth visiting at night. D. Its arch is bigger than any other bridge's. 3. What makes Clifton Suspension Bridge different from the other bridges introduced? A. It charges drivers for each passing. B. It offers walkers a good view at night. C. It was made from thousands of stones. D. It's a symbol of the industrial revolution.
B
Thursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.
AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, an incredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?
“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.
Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen. “Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.
4. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge? A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces. B. To show its advanced technology of submarines. C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin.
D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area. 5. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?
A. Making a comparison. B. Serving as a connecting link.
C. Analyzing the cause and effect. D. Drawing the conclusion of the text. 6. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean. B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen. C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.
D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. What makes theArcticattractive? B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic? C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic? D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?
C
Sleep problems in early childhood may be linked to the development of certain mental health disorders in adolescence, according to a new research.
A study of 7,155 children in theUnited Kingdomfound that waking up frequently during the night and irregular sleep routines as babies and toddlers was linked to psychotic experiences in children aged 12 and 13. Also, children who slept for shorter periods at night were more likely to be associated with borderline personality disorder at ages 11 and 12.
The research, published in the journalJAMA Psychiatry, was the first time possible links between early childhood sleep problems and adolescent psychotic experiences and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms have been examined.
“We know from previous research that persistent nightmares in children have been associated with both psychosis and borderline personality disorder,” said lead author Isabel at theInstituteofMental Healthat theUniversityofBirmingham.
“But nightmares don’t tell the whole story. We’ve found that, in fact, a number of behavioral sleep problems in childhood can point towards these problems in adolescence,” she said.
Adolescence, typically defined as the ages between 10 and 19, is a key period in human development because of brain and hormonal changes, anditis now thought to be when many mental health problems start.
Prior research inAustraliafound that babies with persistent severe sleep problems in their first year were at
greater risk for anxiety and emotional issues in later childhood. Sleep problems in children and adolescents have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risk-taking and aggression. However, findings have been inconsistent, especially when based on objective measurements of sleep, rather than parental reports.
Sleep and mental health are closely connected in adults, with sleep problems increasing the risk for developing particular mental illnesses as well as resulting in mental health issues. 8. What can we know from paragraph 3?
A. Childhood sleep problems probably cause youth mental health problems. B. Severe sleep problems in childhood lead to emotional issues. C. Persistent nightmares in children are closely related to psychosis. D. The research has not been known to the public. 9. What does “it” refer to in paragraph 6?
A. Adolescence. B. Key period. C. Human development D. Hormonal change.
10. According to the Australian research, older children who had long-term serious sleep issues at one year old are more likely to ________.
A. grow slowly B. develop attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder C. do badly in lessons D. suffer from anxiety 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Study About Childhood Sleep Problems Is Under Progress B. Pay Attention to Children Who Lack Sleep
C. Childhood Sleep Issues Linked to Adolescent Mental Health Problems D. How to Help Children Develop a Good Sleep Habit
D
Thursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.
AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, an
incredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?
“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.
Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen. “Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.
12. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge? A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces. B. To show its advanced technology of submarines. C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin. D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area. 13. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?
A. Making a comparison. B. Serving as a connecting link.
C. Analyzing the cause and effect. D. Drawing the conclusion of the text. 14. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean. B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen. C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.
D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. What makes theArcticattractive? B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic? C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic? D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
Apologizing theRight Wayto a Friend
Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be one of the most difficult things you do. But we all make mistakes, so you'll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize.
Perhapsyou had a big blow up and realized later you reacted poorly._____16_____Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.
_____17_____First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives you sincerity as a friend._____18_____, but that doesn’t mean you still shouldn’t apologize.
Now, what are elements of a proper apology?_____19_____,depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a good apology should include the following: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words. \"I'm sorry\" or “I apologize.\"
Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did._____20_____,you should talk things through with your friend until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You'll really need to self-reflect so you can see things from your friend’s point of view. A. When you make your apology in person B. If you really believe you did nothing wrong C. Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways D. The way you apologize is going to be slightly different E. Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to F. Apologizing the right way,however, may take a little practice
G. Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
My son isn't scared of many things. Sometimes this makes me___21___. When he overcame his fear of dogs，I felt a swell of admiration.
Things get___22___when he proves himself to be braver than I am，forcing me to face the___23___I still
carry around as an adult.
My fears since my teen years were big，hairy spiders and talking to___24___both of which were easily___25___at an all-boys' school.
One exception was the___26___. I don't like open water，due to a semi-drowning experience that happened when I was 15. I mistimed（在不适当的时候做）a___27___，swallowed water and ended up being pulled out，pale and limp，and___28___by a pretty lifeguard. The additional horror of talking to a girl___29___my near-death experience.
Since then，being in water fills me with___30___. So clearly，my___31___of the sea is strong. But where does it leave my son，who shows no such fear？
As a much younger child，he hated the sea. To my shame，I was___32___. Here was a companion who could make me feel better about my weakness. This___33___a few weeks ago，when a trip to the___34___showed he'd become every inch the waterbaby I am not. Watching him___35___the waves with his mom，all my___36___suddenly seemed pitiful.
I barely had time to register this before he was___37___my arm. Soon he was doing something my wife had___38___managed，pulling me into the open water. As I held him，I felt that panic I'd denied for all these years，___39___on I went. I was holding him，but he was really holding me，transferring（传递）some small part of his limitless___40___with the grasp of a tiny，guiding hand.
21. A. proud B. confused C. worried D. surprised
22. A. easier B. worse C. more complex D. more interesting 23. A. pains B. doubts C. fears D. shame 24. A. teachers B. girls C. strangers D. classmates 25. A. improved B. predicted C. overcome D. avoided 26. A. river B. lake C. sea D. pool 27. A. walk B. run C. shout D. dive
28. A. rescued B. caught C. criticized D. noticed 29. A. ruined B. worsened C. softened D. created 30. A. power B. regret C. confidence D. panic 31. A. dislike B. need C. understanding D. curiosity 32. A. annoyed B. frustrated C. relieved D. embarrassed 33. A. happened B. disappeared C. remained D. changed
34. A. mountain B. beach C. forest D. park 35. A. enjoy B. share C. control D. draw 36. A. efforts B. excuses C. chances D. plans 37. A. biting B. patting C. washing D. taking 38. A. always B. almost C. never D. also 39. A. so B. but C. and D. since
40. A. bravery B. wisdom C. kindness D. passion 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
In western countries, after a long day with the sun____41.____(burn) your back, a bottle of cold water sounds like the perfect solution. However, consuming cold drinks may not be____42.____same choice internationally. In theUS, people often receive a glass cold water alongside their meals,____43.____inChina, people usually get a cup of hot tea instead. In fact, even when the weather is____44.____(extreme) hot, many Chinese people prefer to have hot water. According to ancient Chinese medicine, drinking a glass of warm water____45.____(be) beneficial to health.
Restaurants in theUSare places where people____46.____(serve) with cold water, which doesn’t hurt anyone if it is spilled accidentally. InChina, you pour tea into cups yourself; if you spill the water, you are responsible____47.____it.
In spite of the benefits of hot water and the____48.____(harm) effects of drinking cold water, modern medicine tells us that they are both fine ____49.____(consume). Actually, the debate between cold water and hot water is all a matter of____50.____(prefer) and body type. So, what would you like to drink? 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）。并在其下面写出修改后的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不记分。
My mother is a pretty woman of long hair. He likes sports and eating. Her most favorite sports is tennis and badminton. She also likes listen to pop music. My mother is a computer engineer who works very hard and does
very better in the company. My mother is also concerning about how well I study. She always helps me study and play piano. She is very glad when I made progress. My mother loves me very much. She is one of the best mother in the world.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Katiewas exceptionally small. We were in the fifth grade, but she was as short as a third grader. Although her body was small, Katie was big at heart. She had a sharp mind, too. Sometimes she got her share of teasing, but Katie knew how to handle it. All the kids who knew Katie liked her a lot.
Katielovedhelping others in the class, so whenever someone was stuck on the computer he always called her for help and advice. Katie loved jokes and she always had a joke that would cheer someone up whenever he was down. She was truly the most kind andgenerousfriend anyone could ask for.
But the other day she was in big trouble. She was such asweetkid; a third-grade teacher always dreamed of having a classroom filled with students like Katie. She was never ever a discipline problem. I just couldn't imagine why she had made herparentsso angry.
It seemed that Katie had been running up sizable charges in the lunchroom. Her parents explained that Katie brought a great homemadeluncheach day, and there was no reason for her to buy school lunch. They assumed a sit-down with Katie would solve theproblem, but failed. So they asked me to help them get to the bottom of this situation.
So the next day, I asked Katie to my office. “Why are you charging lunches, Katie? Whathappensto your homemade lunch?” I asked. “Iloseit,” she responded. I leaned back in my chair and said, “I don't believe you, Katie.” She didn'tcare. “Is someone stealing your lunch, Katie?” I took a new track. “No. I just lose it,” she said. Well, there was nothing else I could do.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1:
The problem was still unsolved the next week until I noticed a boy in the school canteen. Paragraph 2:
Katie asked me not to tell her parents.
参考答案
1. D 2. C 3. A
4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C
8. A 9. A 10. D 11. C
12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C
16. E 17. C 18. G 19. D 20. B
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A
41. burning
42. the 43. but/while/yet 44. extremely
45. is 46. are served 47. for 48. harmful 49. to consume 50. preference
51.(1). of→with (2). He→She (3).去掉most (4). is→are (5). listen→listening (6). better→well (7). concerning→concerned (8). play后加the (9). made→make (10). mother→mothers
52.略
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