英语单项知识的讲解与练习（82）
406.contaminate 的用法
contaminate弄脏、污染、毒害；
例句：
①Contaminateyour bed, and you will one night suffocate in your ownwaste.如果你弄脏了自己的环境，总有一天会窒息在你所丢弃的垃圾之中。
②Theyare contaminating the minds of our young people with these subversiveideas.他们这些颠覆性的思想是对我们年轻人的精神污染。
③Allover the world, oil spills regularly contaminatecoasts.在世界各地，油溢出物经常污染着海岸。
短语：acontaminated zone污染地带；becontaminated by被沾染；污染食物； 对精神的污染；
用法：①contaminate的基本意思是“把…弄脏”,可指化学污染,也可指普通的弄脏,引申可指对人的思想进行“毒害”。后接名词或代词作宾语。
②contaminate常用于被动结构becontaminated with/ by，表示“被… … 所污染” 。如：Thewater in this part of the river is contaminated by sewage（下水道）.
练习：
①Nowa paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock
comemostly from ______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.
A. configuration
C. condemnation,condemn
B.constitution，constituent
D.contamination,contaminate
②Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.
A.contaminate B.compliment C.contemplate D.complement
③These books _____ the minds of our young people.
A.are contaminated B.are contaminating
C.contaminates D.contaminated
④_____ any fish _____ in the Arctic Ocean?
A.Are...contaminated
C.Have...been contaminated
407. contradictory 的用法
B.Has...beencontaminated
D.Is...contaminated
contradictory (adj)反驳的、反对的；
例句：
①I was bewildered by the contradictory statements.我被互相矛盾的陈
述搞得莫衷一是。
②Hisremark was contradictory to the truth.他的叙述与事实矛盾。
③Wehad to face up to a number of seemingly contradictory concerns.我
们不得不正视若干看起来相互矛盾的问题。
短语：contradictoryelement相互矛盾的因素；自相
矛盾的；矛盾否定；
矛盾信息；
用法：contradictory后接介词to，表示“与……相违背”。如：The
schemeis contradictory to common sense.
练习：
①Cloninghuman beings is a_____topic with some considering it a
scientificdevelopment while others strongly against it.
A.conventionalB.controversial C.contradictory D.concrete
②Whethereuthanasia(安乐死)shouldbe made legal has been_____in
thelaw circle for many years.
A.conventionalB.controversial C.contradictoryD.concrete
③Weare faced with two _____ contradictory statements.
A.apparently | B.apparent | C. obvious | D.obviously |
④Customsofficials have made a series of contradictory statements
_____the equipment.
A.with | B.on | C.about | D.of |
408.argue的用法
argue争论、争辩。
例句：
①Heargued that the boy should not go on the voyage alone他争辩说这孩子不该一个人去远航；
②Hisaccent argues him to be a southerner表明；
③Heis arguing soundly议论稳健；
短语：arguewith/ against somebody about/ on/ over something/ argue aboutsomething with somebody为某事与某人争辩；arguefor/ against (doing) something 辩论赞成(反对)某事；arguesb. into/out
ofdoing sth = persuade sb. to/not to do sth = persuade sb. into/out ofdoing sth 说服某人做/不做某事；为…争论；提出相反的意见；与…争论；否认这些事实；争论某一件事；
用法：①argue的基本意思是“争”,可以是双方为某事而争吵或争论;
也可以是单方运用事实或道理坚持自己的主张或证明自己的观点;还可以是说服他人同意自己的观点。可以是激烈的争论;也可以是沉着的辩论;还可以是晓之以理的说服、劝说。argue还可表示为某事的真实性提供令人信服的根据,这时常可译作“说明”“表明”“显示”。
②argue作不及物动词时常接介词短语表示附加意义;表示“为…而争论”时接about, on或over;表示“为反对…而争论”时接against;表示“为赞成…而争论”时接for;表示“与…争论”时接with。
③argue用作及物动词时,可接thematter, the point, the question之类的名词作宾语,也可接that引导的从句(有时可用虚拟语气)。
④argument辩论，不可数，指具体的一场争论或辩论时，通常作可数名词。如：Therewas a hot argument among them.
比较：argue辩论、争论，指坚持自己的观点，反对别人的观点。如：I
arguedwith him for a long time, but he refused to listen to reason.
dispute争论、争吵、争执，一般指热烈的、激动的争论。如：
Whetherhe will succeed with his new method is still disputed.
debate辩论、争论，指正式、公开的辩论，提出双方的论点。如：Shedebated with me on the subject of life and death.
quarrel争吵，意为“吵吵闹闹地争论”。如：Itis foolish to quarrel
withyour neighbors.
练习：
①Theyare ___ again. Do you know what ___ is about this time?
A. argued; they are arguing
C. argument; their argument
B.arguing; they argument
D.arguing; their argument
②Most citizens argued ___ the building of a new chemical factory because it will cause more serious air pollution.
A. that; over; about
C. against; with; about
B.for; with; about
D.with; for; against
③I don’t agree ___ your idea, but I won’t argue ___ you ___ it at the moment.
A. to; with; on B. on; with; over
C. to; with; about D. about; to; with
④So little ___ agree on the plan that they kept on ___ it for the whole afternoon.
A. did they; to argue with
C. they did; arguing over
B.do they; arguing
D.did they; arguing about
⑤He is always ready to argue ___ others.
A. to | B. for | C. in | D. against |
⑥They argued ___ the case for hours.
A. to | B. with | C. / | D. against |
⑦Youmust ___ the matter out, or you’ll be misunderstood.
A. put | B. argue | C. make | D. take |
409.arm的用法
arm手臂、胳膊。
例句：
①Wemust arm ourselves against the enemy.我们必须武装自己,防范敌人。
②Thenew battleship shall be armed with 16-inch guns.新战舰将以16英寸口径的大炮武装起来。
③Youshould wind a cloth round the wounded arm.你应该把一块布缠在受伤的和臂上。
④Thearcher holds the bow in his bow arm.运动员用执弓臂握住弓。
短语：hold/take a baby in one’s arms 抱着小孩；carrya baby on one’s back 背着小孩；receivewith open arms 热烈欢迎；inarms 怀抱着的；withopen arms 热情地；underarms 备战、在服役期间；takesomebody by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊；bearmed to the teeth武装到牙齿；armsb with guns用枪武装某人；bearmed to the teeth武装到
牙齿；armsb against the cold穿衣御寒；takeup arms拿起武器；takesb/ sth in one’s arms抱住某人/物；armin arm臂挽臂地；
用法：①arm用作动词的基本意思是“把…武装起来”,可以表示“提供”“配备”“支持”,也可以表示“以(武器)装备”。就目的而言可仅指为加强力量或安全做准备而提供,也可指为有效行为或作战而准备进攻或防御的装备。arm引申还可指精神上、道德上或身体上的准备。
②arm可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,以被武装的对象作宾语
③arm用作名词的基本意思是“臂”,多指人的手臂、胳膊,也可指动物的前肢,亦喻指各种状似手臂的东西。
④arm的复数形式arms,指“武器(尤指枪支)”。用于比喻时可指“权力”,也可指“兵种”,此时既不能带不定冠词,也不能为数词所修饰。用作
定语时亦然。arms可用在另一名词前作修饰语。
练习：
①Thewhole nation took up ___to defend their country, though the
enemywere ___to the teeth.
A.arm; armed B. arms; arming C. arms; armed D. arm; arming
②Thewoman is taking a baby ___ her arms.
A. with | B. on | C. for | D. in |
③Aboy is running past me and I suddenly take him ___ arm.
A. with his | B. with the | C. by his | D. by the |
④Thecouple are walking in the street ___.
A. arm by arm | B. arm in arm | C. arm with arm | D. arm of arm |
410.arrange的用法
arrange整理、安排。
例句：
①Themeeting has been arranged for Tuesday. 会议安排在星期二；
②Wearranged between us to meet on Friday. 我们安排在星期五见面；
③Haveyou arranged by which train you are going home? 你打算乘哪
趟火车回家；
④Ithas been arranged that you should teach physics. 已经安排好你教
物理；
⑤Theyarranged that they would make the machines themselves他们商
量好自己制造这些机器；
短语：arrangefor安排、准备、商定；arrangesomething for
somebody安排某人做某事；arrangeabout (doing) something 安排
某事；arrangewith him to meet at the hotel 与某人一起约好见面；
arrange(for somebody) to do something/ make an arrangement to do something安排做某事；arrangewith sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事;
用法：①arrange的基本意思是指把许多人或事物安排在相对适当的位置上或对构成其事物的诸多个体进行有秩序地排列,也指按期望的目标对事物进行精心的安排处理。
②arrange用作不及物动词时,可接介词for表示安排的内容,接介词with表示“与…谈妥”。
③arrange用作及物动词时,可跟名词、动词不定式(可为被动式)和that从句(多用虚拟语气)作宾语。
④arrange后可直接跟事类名词，如arrangea picnic；
⑤arrangefor sb/sth to do sth意为“安排某人或某物去做某事”，如arrangefor a new classroom；arrangewith sb to do sth指安排某人做某事时，可以是位于主语上的人自己做，也可以是两人一起做，因而这
种用法必须谨慎使用，避免产生误解
⑥arrange后不能跟双宾语，它的宾语只能是指物的名词。
练习：
①Wearranged ___ his team to play a game of basketball.
A. for | B. with | C. to | D. within |
②Wearranged that the meeting ___ till next week. Which is wrong?
A. shall be put off | B. be put off | C. should be put off | D. put off |
③Canyou ___ to carry that heavy box alone?
A. arrange | B. offer | C. prepare | D. manage |
④Wehave arranged with him ____ at the hotel.
A. to meet | B. meeting | C. met | D. to have met |
Keys:
406.DDBC
407.BBAC
408.DCCDDCB
409.CDDB
410.BDDA
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