Topic 1 外来人口对文化的益处和冲突（AD）Topic 2 媒体信息一致的优缺点（DG）
Topic 3 商业和文化的接触对一个国家特征的丧失优缺点（DG）Topic 4 旅游业对于文化保护的益处和弊端（DG）Topic 5 接受当地文化或建立小型社区的好处（DG）Topic 6 英语作文全球性语言的优缺点（AD）Topic 7 进口蔬菜和水果的好处和坏处（DG）
1、商业利益和价值
Commercial interest and economic value2、很多当地人表现的非常友好和好客，
Many local people are friendly and hospitable,3、这有助于文化的交流
Which is helpful for promoting cultural communications?4、对其他的文化和人民更了解
A better understanding of other cultures and other people5、促进文化的融合，消除文化障碍
Promote cultural integration, remove cultural barriers6、接受不同的文化和价值观
Embrace different cultures and values7、减少工作机会，增加竞争
Reduce opportunities of jobs, increase competition8、促进文化多样性
Promote cultural diversity9、不在尊重传统文化
Lose respect to traditional values10、文化产品
Cultural goods/commodities/products11、降低文化多样性
Degrade cultural diversity12、贫富差距增大
Widening the gap between the richest and the poorest of the world
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第一类全球化及影响
13、损害社会团结
erosion of social solidarity14、传统观念/价值
Traditional/older/traditionally-held values/perceptions/cultures/beliefs15、文化冲击 Cultural shock
16、融入当地新的社会
Merge into the new local communities17、融入新的文化
Integrate into the new culture18、自然和文化资源的保护
Preservation/conservation of the natural and cultural resources19、当地传统风俗
Local/host traditional customs20、破坏传统文化的神圣
Erode the sacred of traditional culture21、扩大出口和吸引外资
Promote export and attracting foreign capital22、支付不起
unaffordable=can't afford23、经济全球化
economic globalisation24、减轻食物供应压力
be conducted to food supply stress/food shortage25、过分依赖出口
rely excessively on export
第二类政府投资
Topic8 支持或者反对太空探索（AD）
（1）支持
26、导致地球承载压力加大
Result in the usable space to shrink27、可持续发展
Sustainable development28、二级竞争力
Technological competitiveness
Topic9 登月（DG）
（1）支持
29、激发人们的想象力
Space research triggers imagination of people.30、敢于面对新领域的未知因素和挑战
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Researchers confront unknown and challenge in new fields
（2）反对
Topic10 政府投资公共设施或是艺术的原因（AD）
33、人们文化生活的主要部分
Arts are an integral part of cultural life34、吸引游客观光和产生旅游收入
Arts of government investment attract tourists for sightseeing and bring about tourism's
revenue
31、消耗资源和时间
Space research consumes resources and takes time32、分散政府和公众在一些更重要事情上的注意力
Space research distracts the government and people from more significant issues
Topic 11 政府投资教育和医疗或是体育设施，歌剧院的好处（AD）
35、对于繁荣有深远影响
Government investments have far-reaching effect on prosperity36、完善的医疗健康服务
Government investments build high quality health-care services37、摆脱贫困
Government investments help to break the cycle of poverty
Topic 12 国际援助的意义和弊端（DG）
（1）意义
38、尊重生命的体现
International aid shows respect for life39、人道主义援助
International aid is kind of humanitarian aid.
（2）弊端
40、促进诈骗和贪污
Promote fraud and corruption41、阻碍了被援助国参与国际市场
impede needy countries' participation in international trade
Topic 13 支持或是反对政府投资教育和医疗（DG）
（1）支持
42、提高文化普及率
Improve literacy rate or standard of literacy
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43、减轻支付学费的压力
Reduce the pressure of paying tuition fees
（2）反对
44、对革新和发明缺乏动力
Less motivation of innovation and invention45、减轻政府的财政负担
Ease the government's financial burden46、等待治疗人数的增加
Increasing the number of people waiting for medical treatments
Topic 14 税收的作用和弊端（AD）
（1）作用
47、支持公共投资和建设
Taxes can be used to supply for public investment and services48、进行收入再分配
Redistribution of income49、对消费和雇佣有直接关系
Paying taxes have direct effects on consumption and employment
（2）弊端
50、打击商业的投资热情
Excessive paying taxes dampen the enthusiasm of commercial investment
Topic 15 反对或支持学生自己支付学费的理由（AD）
（1）支持
51、高薪职业 Well-paid jobs
52、知识为动力的经济和社会发展
Knowledge-driven economic and social development53、技术革新
Technological innovation54、摆脱贫困
Break out of the poverty
Topic 16 支持或反对政府调控房地产的原因（AD）
（1）支持
55、房屋商业化
commercilision of housing56、低收入家庭支付不起
Unaffordable to low-income families57、政府干预
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Government intervention58、住房补贴
Housing allowance
59、单调的城市景观
Monotonous urban landscape/cityscape60、降低私人投资热情
Dampen the enthusiasm of individual housing investment61、住房补贴系统
Housing allocation system
（2）反对
第三类科技发展对生活的影响
Topic 17 手机带来的好处和问题及正面和负面影响（LB）
（1）好处和正面影响
62、手机用于打电话、发短信和上网。
Cell phone can be used to make calls, send text messages and surf the Internet63、人们可以确定受害人的位置通过使用来自手机的信号在紧急事件中。
People locate trapped and injured people using signals from their mobile phones in event of
an emergency
（2）问题和负面影响
64、手机增加了患癌症的几率。
Mobile phones increase the rates of suffering cancer65、开车时打电话可能导致交通事故的发生。
Talking on cell phone while driving may result in traffic accidents
Topic 18 现代科技让人休闲时间更多或更少的观点（LB）
（1）现代科技让人更繁忙、休息时间少
66、人们可以在正常工作时间之外通过电脑和因特网工作。
People can work beyond normal working hours through Internet and computer67、人们需要不断的接受教育和培训为了赶上新科技的快速发展。
People continue education and receive training to keep pace with the fast development of
technology
（2）现代科技让人更轻松、休息时间按多
68、电脑和自动化帮助人们更快和更有效率地工作。
Computerisation and automation help people work more quickly and more effectively69、汽车、飞机和铁路的普及减少了人们在路途上奔波的时间。
the popularity of automobile, air travel and rail reduce people's time of commuting
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Topic 19 早期科技和最新科技分别得影响和弊端（AD）
（1）早期科技的影响
70、早期科技的发展使得农业化向工业化转变。
Earlier technological development makes a transition from agriculture to manufacture71、早期科技的发展促进城市的崛起同时教育开始职业化和正式化。
Earlier technological development promotes growth of cities and education become more
vocational/ professional and formal
（2）早起科技的弊端
72、早起科技的发展造成空气污染和化石燃料。
Earlier technological development causes air pollution and consume natural resources.
（3）最新科技的弊端
73、最新科技的发展增加生产力并使工作和生活之间的差别越来越模糊。
Recent technological development increases productivity and the boundary between work
and play is blurred.
Topic 20 生活快节奏对人们产生的正负面影响（AD）
（1）负面
74、由于网络使人与人之间的相互交流减少以至于人们很难保持和改善与朋友亲人的关系。
People find it hard to maintain the relation with friends and family members because of Internet reduces personal interactions.
75、快节奏的生活引起严重的疾病，比如：肥胖、心脏病和中风。
The fast pace of life causes serious diseases, such as obesity, heart diseases and stroke.
（2）正面
76、促进了信息交流和贸易往来
Internet promotes trade interaction across the border
Topic 21 网络购物和网络商务优缺点的正负面影响（LB）
（1）正面
77、人们减少交通工具的使用。
People rely less on private or public transport.
（2）负面
78、人们只关心自己的生活方式。
People are just concerned about their own lifestyle.79、人们习惯于不运动的生活方式。 People get used to inactive lifestyle.
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Topic 22 科学发展的今天还有很多问题没有解决（RS）
80、工业化
industrilisation81、人口的增长
The rapid population growth82、环境恶化/污染
Environmental deteriorating =pollution83、生活在贫困线以下
Living on near or below the poverty line84、增加粮食产量
Increase crops fields
Topic 23 在家工作的优缺点（AD）
（1）优点
85、在家工作节省办公室空间和设备。
Home working saves office's space and equipments86、在家工作增加工作的灵活度
Home working introduces flexibility of jobs
（2）缺点
87、缺乏交流导致同事之间有疏离感。
Lacking communication leads to a sense of isolation between staff.88、在家工作不利于管理员工。
Home working has negative effects on managing home workers.89、在家工作有可能导致员工技术和工作质量的下降。
Home working leads to possible reduction of employees' skills and work quality.
Topic 24 高科技促进或阻碍创造力的发展（AD）
（1）促进
90、高科技可以提高人们三维空间的想象能力和增加人们的应变能力。
High-technological products can improve the ability to read and visulaise images in three-dimensional space and promote one's ability to cope with change.
（2）阻碍
91、现代科技使得人们知识被动的接受信息并使人们缺少思考如何解决问题。
Modern technology makes people receive information passively and reduce opportunities of
working out the problems under different circumstances.92、网络使人们一直呆在书桌旁而缺乏社会生活。
Internet makes people bound to their desks so that they lack of social life.
Topic 25 电子书籍和传统书籍分别的好处（AD）
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（1）电子书籍
93、电子书籍节省空间，更容易管理。
Electrical books save space and are easier to manage.94、电子书籍减少油墨、纸张还有木材的消耗。
Electrical books reduce consumption of ink, paper and lumber.
（2）传统书籍
95、传统书籍对眼睛的伤害少于电子书籍。
Traditional books bring less harm to eyes than e-books.96、传统书籍不需要电源和辅助阅读工具。
Traditional books don't need power sources and reading devices.97、划算的，合算的 Cost-effective98、携带 Portable
第四类 文化的组成因素和保护
Topic 28 服装和历史文化的联系 （AD）
99、民族的服饰体现了当地的特色。 National clothes show local identity.100、民族的服饰是民族自豪感的源泉。 National clothes are source of ethnic pride.
Topic 29 保护老建筑的必要性和不利之处（AD+E）
（1）必要性
101、传统建筑是社会习俗和历史的标志，所以保护老建筑实际上是保护文化。
Traditional buildings are the symbol/sign of social customs and history, so preservation of old buildings means conservation of cultural values.102、老建筑有助于维持建筑的多样性。
Aged buildings help maintain diversity of buildings.103、老建筑有助于维持建筑的多样性。
Traditional buildings help maintain/keep diversity of buildings
（2）不利之处
104、许多老建筑既没有经济价值也不具备应用价值。
Many old architectural works have neither economic values nor usable values.105、许多老建筑既没有经济价值也不具备应用价值。
A vast number of old buildings have neither economic values nor usable values106、保护老建筑需要花费大量的时间和金钱。
It takes commitment of money and time to protect historic buildings/ archeological sites.107、保护老建筑需要花费大量的时间和金钱。
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It takes a vast amount of money and time on preservation old buildings.
Topic 30 用传统建筑模式建造新建筑的优缺点（AD）
Topic 31 注重建筑美学和功能分别的优点（AD）
（1）美学
109、建筑物可以增加对改造环境的理解从而使它能够与周边环境相协调。
Buildings can increase understanding of environmental improvement so that it can integrate into surrounding circumstances/ environments/ settings
110、如果建筑物没有视觉吸引力，他们可能将没有市场价值。
If buildings don't have visual attractions/appeals, they won't have values of market.
108、传统建筑有助于突出或者塑造一个地区的形象
Traditional buildings help to highlight or create a regional identity.
（2）功能
111、建筑物主要的功能应该是解决世界的使用问题。
The most significant function of buildings is to address practical utilities' issues.
第五类 生活方式和社会概念
Topic 33 长时间工作的正负面影响（AD）
（1）负面
112、长时间工作容易产生压力和疲倦，对健康是一种威胁。
Working long hours are likely to/tend to is easily generate/ induce fatigue and stress/
pressure, which poses a serious threat to health
113、长时间工作减少了休闲的时间，导致工作和家庭之间的冲突。
Overtime working reduces the leisure time so that it causes conflicts between family and job.114、长时间工作未必都有效率和效益。
Working long hours is not necessarily productive hours.
（2）正面
115、长时间工作是争取工作和晋升的机会的一种途径。
Overtime working is a method of increasing job security and promotion opportunities.
Topic 35 工作满意度的决定因素（RS）
116、工作稳定 Job security117、高薪
Well-paid =high salary118、工作相关的回报
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Job-related benefits /bonus119、好的工作环境
Well working conditions/ environment120、和上司和同事好的人际关系
good/excellent interpersonal relationship with colleagues and superiors(老板)121、职业发展的机会
Opportunity of professional/career development122、成就感
A sense of achievement123、成功的感觉
Experience a feeling of success
Topic 36 换工作/跳槽的好处和坏处（DG）
（1）好处
124、换工作/跳槽
Job-hopping / switching jobs125、充分发挥自己的能力
Job-hopping makes the best use of one's abilities126、能够增加经验和发展多种技能
Switching jobs accumulate / acquire / gain new experience and develop / promote / improve a variety/diverse of skills / techniques
127、如果你不提高自己的能力，你将很容易在竞争中失利。
If you don't improve your ability by yourself, you will be vulnerable to the competition128、人应该懂得接受挑战和把握机会。
People should understand to receive challenges and control opportunity.
（2）坏处
129、适应新环境
Employees have to adapt / adjust to new environment130、反映了低的承受能力和忠诚度
Job-hopping shows a low resilience / persistence / endurance and loyalty
Topic 37 压力产生的原因和解决方法（RS）
（1）产生的原因
131、休息的时间不够充分
It’s because of inadequate leisure time132、高压力和快节奏的生活方式
Because people live a high-pressured, fast-paced lifestyle133、人们对人生的关注有不切实际的期待
People hold unrealistic expectations towards career concerns
（2）解决方法10
134、合理的饮食和运动有利于改善自身健康
Proper eating and sports contributes to feelings of well-being=health135、养成良好的心态
People should nurture a good state of mind / mood
Topic 38 支持或者反对追随潮流（AD）
（1）支持
136、时尚是自我表达的一种体现
Fashion is a means of self-expression137、时尚使世界更加丰富多彩
Fashion brings diversity and variety to the world which we live in138、时尚源于生活并考虑消费者的需求。
Fashion roots in daily life and considers customers' needs
（2）反对
139、盲目追随潮流是浪费时间和金钱。
Following fashion blindly wastes money and time140、过度关乎其他人的想法
People will become to dwell too much on what others think.
Topic 39 快乐的标准（DG）
141、个人环境
Social settings 142、收入水平 Income level143、教育程度
Educational level144、宗教信仰
Religious belief
Topic 40 说出真相毕兜圈子、掩盖好或者必要的谎言和无关紧要的
谎言可以接受（AD）
（1）正面：说出真相
145、诚实是一个重要的美德。 Honesty is a significant virtue.
146、城实被认为是一种很重要的美德。 Honesty is regarded as a core virtue147、讲真话有助于建立彼此之间的信任。
Telling the truth helps to build up mutual trust.
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（2）反面：善意的谎言
148、有时候善意的谎言是顾及他人感受而避免冲突。
Sometime white lies can consider / protect / spare others' feeling so as to avoid conflicts.
艺术的作用
149、艺术是一种特殊的语言。
Arts are regarded as a language that conveys information to the masses.150、艺术提高人们的逻辑能力和想象能力。
Arts promote people's reasoning and visualising.
151、艺术关注当代生活并帮助人们了解并接受社会新的特征。
Arts focus on the contemporary life and help the masses to assimilate new features of
community.
152、艺术提高人们对现实世界的欣赏水平。
Arts improve people's appreciation of the real world
第六类 艺术
Topic 42 反对或是支持限制艺术自由的理由（AD）
（1）反对
153、公众有强烈的兴趣促进言论多元化。
The public hold compelling interests in advancing viewpoint diversity.
154、一些社会问题受到公众的关注因为艺术家在他们的作品中加入政治信息。
Some of social issues have to be placed under the limelight because artists embed a political
message in their works.
155、如果艺术家被限制，它将导致扭曲艺术家的意愿或者精神。
If artists are limited, it will lead to distort / misinterpret their willing / intentions and spirits
of artists.
（2）支持
156、一些艺术家的作品对宗教或者种族团体缺乏尊重和对宗教缺乏敏感度。
Some of artists' works lose / lack respect and sensitivity towards the feeling of religious and
ethnic groups.
Topic 43 艺术和科学的区别体现的方面（RS）
157、人们被鼓励去发挥创造力并寻求新的方法去解决问题。
People are encouraged to develop creativity and come up with a novel method to address
issues by arts.
158、人们已经不满足于物质上的富有并不断追求精神上的享受。
People can't be satisfied for material wealth and quest / pursue the enjoyment of spirit
consistently
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第七类 媒体信息
Topic 44 媒体暴力的负面影响和媒体暴力并非主因（AD）
159、媒体暴力会增加观众模仿和使用暴力的可能性。
Violence of media increase chances / likelihood / possibility that viewers learn / imitate and
use violence.
160、媒体暴力导致反社会的行为。
Violence of media lead to anti-social behaviours.
（1）媒体暴力的负面影响
（2）媒体暴力并非主因
161、媒体可以起到提醒观众暴力行为可能导致法律制裁的作用。
Media can warn the audiences of the legal proceeding of violence behaviours.
Topic 46 媒体记者不可信的原因（RS）
162、新闻记者经常受到政治压力和经济利益的影响。
Journalists always are affected by political pressures and commercial / economic interests.163、新闻记者手机无中生有和捏造的花边新闻为了迎合观众。
Journalists collect conceived / fabricated soft news to cater audiences' tastes / interests.
Topic 47 新闻媒体的优缺点（AD）
（1）优点
164、新闻媒体有助于将有用的信息船体给观众并让他们知道世界上每时每刻发生的事情。 News media can helpful communicates information to viewers and keep them informed of
what is happening in the world.
（2）缺点
165、新闻媒体对别人的隐私不够尊重并夸大其词。
News media has insufficient respect for privacy of people and give an exaggerated account
of an issue.
第八类 广告
Topic 48 是否同意广告误导小孩的观点 （DG）
（1）同意
166、广告商与说服观众并对产品的性质夸大其词。
Advertising has a persuasive nature and give an exaggerated account of properties of
products.
167、广告下的更高的的出镜率将增加买更多商品的机会。
Higher exposure under advertising means increasing the chances to buy more commodities.
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（2）不同意
168、广告是一种产品信息来源。
Advertising represents a particularly important product information source.
Topic 49 广告的优缺点（LB）
（1）优点
169、广告可以鼓励生产商在质量上竞争并促进产品革新。
Advertising can encourage competition of manufacturers in quality and promotes innovation
of commodities.
170、广告可以增加产品的销售量和促进经济发展。
Advertising can increase the sales of products and promote economic development.
（2）缺点
171、广告的言语或者图像误导观众。
The claims and visual images of advertisements can mislead consumers.
Topic 50 广告会不会使人有一样的观点（AD）
（1）不会
172、消费者的选择是不断变化的。
Customers' choices are fickle and unpredictable.173、顾客对广告的反应也有所不同。
Consumers react differently toward an advertisement.
174、一个产品只能服务一个市场的一部分并只能满足顾客需求的一部分。
A product just can serve a part of a market and only satisfy a section of customers' needs.
（2）会
175、顾客产生一个错误的想法，甚至认为购买某些流行的产品就会变得时尚。
Buyers can generate a mistaken perception, even feeling they will partake in a fashion trend
through buying particular popular commodities.
Topic 51 否认或者认同广告决定物品销售的观点（AD）
（1）否认
176、顾客的消费是由他们的需求所决定而不是广告的作用
Consumers'/buys' consumption depends on their needs rather than /instead of influences of
advertisements
177、产品的购买是由许多因素决定的，比如：家庭和收入
Consumption of commodities rely on a vast number of factors, such as family and income
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Topic 52 注重数量或质量的观点（AD）
178、商品的促销只是市场营销的一种手段
Sales promotion of commodities is just a means of marketing179、广告的宣传效用是暂时的
The influences /effects of advertising are temporary, not lasting
Topic 53 工业发展是否以破坏环境为代价（AD）
180、资源的使用不当和无节制造成了水污染和过度砍伐森林
It’s because of unchecked and reckless use of resources lead to deforestation and pollution
of water
Topic 54 支持或者反对国际合作解决环境问题的个观点（AD）
（1）支持
181、很多环境问题刚开始是地方性的，但最后会成为全球性的，
At the beginning, a vast number of environmental issues are regional, but finally they
become worldwide,
182、由于他们会从一个地方扩展到另一个地方 Because water pollution and air can transport from one location to another
（2）反对
183、如果所有的环境问题都有国际组织所解决，它将要花费很多钱和很耗时的， 而
且，有时候他们应该被当地政府解决
If all of environmental issues are addressed by international environmental preservation
organisations, it will cost a amount of money and take time, however, sometimes they should be solved by local governments.
Topic 55 支持或者反对限制飞机旅行的原因
（1）支持
184、飞机排放出对环境有破坏的气体
Air travel releases/emits/discharges destructive gases to environment185、飞机导致噪音和水污染
Air travel results in noise and water pollution186、飞机是昂贵的尤其是不适合低收入家庭
The air travel is expensive so that it is unsuitable for low-income families
（2）反对
187、飞机比其他的交通工具更舒服和更有效的
Air travel is more comfortable and more efficient than other transportation vehicles188、飞机由于科技的发展变得更加省油和更环保
Air travel is becoming fuel-efficient and is more environment friendly because of
technological development
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Topic 56 支持和反对提高油价的原因（AD）
（1）支持
189、提高油价鼓励人们更多的使用公共交通从而降低燃料的消耗
Increasing/promotion of petrol prices can encourage people to use more public
transportation so that it reduces consumption of fuel190、提高油价增加制造商其他新能源的汽车的发展
Increasing petrol prices can improve the manufacturers' development of vehicles that are
powered by other forms of energy
（2）反对
191、提高油价不能阻止汽车的使用，汽车是大部分国家必要的运输手段
Increasing petrol prices can't prevent use of vehicles which is the necessary means of
transport in most countries
192、提高油价可能导致燃料市场的混乱
It may result in chaos/disorder/mess in fuel market because of increasing petrol prices193、环境问题由许多因素造成，所以只是减少燃料的使用不能彻底地解决环境问题
Environmental issues are caused by a vast number of factors, so just decreasing fuel use
can't address environmental problems completely/efficiently
Topic 57 水资源缺乏的原因的解决方法（RS）
（1）原因
196、地下水的过度使用
It’s because of unsustainable use of groundwater resources197、人口的快速增长
Rapid population growth198、工农业和家庭的需求增大
Increasing farming, industrial and domestic demand
（2）解决方法
废水循环利用
Wastewater recycling节约用水和收集雨水
save use of water and harvest rain
Topic 58 垃圾增多的原因和处理地方法（RS）
（1）原因
199、人口增长意味着扩大物质产品的消耗
Population growth means expansion of material products consumption200、人们对垃圾问题意识不强
People have weak awareness of waste issues201、一次性产品的消耗变得越来越严重
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The consumption of disposable items is becoming more and more serious
（2）解决方法
202、政府应该颁布法律去控制垃圾任意排放
Government should enact/draft laws to regulate/ control discharge of refuse203、制造商应该被鼓励改良工业生产和减少资源的使用
Manufacturers should be encouraged to modify industrial production and decrease use os
natural resources/ materials
204、政府应该采取措施去宣传垃圾循环再利用的重要性
Government should take measures to advertise the importance of waste recycling
Topic 59 施用肥料和机器的好处和坏处（AD）
（1）好处
205、人造化肥的使用增加农产品产量从而有利于摆脱饥饿
The use of man-made fertilisers can increase agricultures productions so that it helps to
break out of starvation/hunger
206、高科技的机器和化肥的使用有利于生产抗旱植物和可以更好的抵御病虫害的庄家的生
产
The use of high technological machines and chemical fertlisers helps to produce drought-resistant plants and crop varieties that withstand pest attacks
（2）坏处
207、长期的化肥使用降低土壤的肥沃程度从而导致减少农场品的产量 Long-term use of man-made fertilisers leads to degradation of soil fertility so that it
contributes to the reduction in agricultural products
208、过度的使用化肥破坏当地生态系统
Excessive use /utility/application of agricultural fertilisers destroy /erode local ecosystems209、一些化肥残留在农产品中以至于它对人们的健康有害
Some of chemical fertilisers persist and build up in the agricultural plants so that it poses a
serious threat to people's health
第十章 动物
保护动物的意义
Animals
210、保护动物能够维持生态系统和确保可持续发展
Protection of animals can maintain natural ecosystem and be consistent with / conform to
the principle of sustainable development.211、人类可以探知物种的起源，进行科学研究
Human being can explore the source of animals and conduct / perform / do scientific
research.
212、动物的权利应该被尊重
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The rights of animals should be respected.
Topic 61 支持或反对把动物作为实验对象（DG）
213、动物没有能力做道德上的选择，所以我们不能够等同于人类
Animals are not able to / have capacity to make moral choices, so we can't treat them like
human being.
214、动物是合作人类的替代品因为他们和人相似。
Animals are suitable for replacements of humans because they bear a resemblance to
humans in a vast number of aspects.
215、人类的利益不应该建立在动物的利益之上
Interests of humans can't be placed above the welfare of animals.
（1）支持
（2）反对
216、一些动物实验室不可靠的和有误导性，毕竟人类和动物有很大的不同
Some animals experimentations are unreliable and misleading because there are a great
number of differences between humans and animals.
Topic 62 物种灭绝的原因和解决方案（RS）
（1）原因
217、人们缺乏环保意识并且不知道生物和环境之间的联系
People are lack of awareness in environmental protection and have no knowledge of the
relationship / correlation of ecosystem and animals.
218、人们为了他们的目的经常需要大量的动物和植物，比如食物和农耕工具
People always use a variety of animals and plants for human purposes, such as, foods and
machines of farming.
219、人口的增长导致动物栖息地减少
Population growth leads to reduction of animals' habitats.
（2）解决方法
220、成立相关机构为了筹集资金和资助物种保护项目
Organisations should be established to raise fund and support conservation projects of living
species.
221、动物保护应该国际合作呼吁
Preservation of animals should be called for / appealed by international co-operation.222、政府应该增加宣传力度并提高保护意识
Government should launch campaigns’ for animal welfare and promote citizens' awareness of
environmental conservation.
Topic 63 支持或者反对用动物做食物（DG）
（1）支持
223、动物含有必要的营养物质18
Animals contain essential / necessary nutrients.
（2）反对
226、(短语)对···不利于
[1]pose a serious threat to[2]pose a serious risk to[3]be harmful to[4]do harm to
[5]produce negative effect on[6]exert negative effect on[7]have negative effect on[8]generate negative effect on
224、吃肉过多有害健康
Over-consumption of meat is harmful to health.
225、所有的动物都有生命权，所以吃动物是违反了动物的权利
All animals are entitled to possess their lives, so eating animals violates animals' rights.
第十一类 城乡差距和城市化
227、城市化：
urbanisation / urban sprawl(扩展)
（1）城市化产生的原因：
228、工业的发展使得工厂和商业在乡村地区建立
Industrial developments encourage factories and businesses to be established / built in rural
areas.
229、人口快速增长，大量农民来到城市以求获得工作机会
Rapid population growth forces a vast number of farmers to find / seek / hunt employment
opportunities in urban areas.
230、交通工具的发达使人们可以更容易到较远的地方，因而有更多人迁居郊区。 Development of transportation helps people to travel far.
231、人们希望获得更大的生活空间，更好的生活环境，从而选择在郊区居住
People migrate from urban areas to suburbs because they want to acquire attractive living
conditions and expand living space.
（2）城市化产生的负面影响：
232、人口增加导致基础设施的费用增加
Population growth of cities means increasing cost of infrastructures / public serves of
facilities.
233、大量的流动人口会导致犯罪率上升，影响社会稳定。
High mobility of population leads to increase of crimes' rate and destroy social order /
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stability.
234、城市人口的增长引起环境问题。
Population growth of urban areas causes environmental issues.
235、措施被采取为了保护和提升自然和文化资源以确保乡村生态系统免受破坏。
Measures are taken to preserve and enhance natural and cultural resources so that the rural
ecosystems avoid damages.
（3）解决城市化负面影响的措施：
（4）城乡差距主要体现：
236、城市和乡村居民的收入差距
It’s big of the income gap / disparity between urban residents and rural residents.237、乡村缺乏货的教育的途径，文盲率较高
The rural areas have a lower access to education and they have higher illiteracy.238、医疗资源主要集中在城市
The medical resources are concentrated in the urban areas.239、农村缺乏基础建设，比如电力和能源供应
The rural areas are lack of infrastructures, such as electric power and energy's supply.240、在城市就业机会更多
More employment opportunities are available in cities.
（5）解决城乡差距的方法
241、政府应该制定优惠政策促进乡村发展
Government should draft preferable policies to promote development of the rural areas.242、政府应该加大乡村的投入，特别是在交通和通讯。
Government should put more investment into the rural areas, particularly in transportation
and communication.
243、政府应该加大乡村教育的支持从而提高农民的教育水平。
Government should raise funds to support education in rural areas so that it can improve
famers' educational level.
Topic 65 将新老师和医生派去农村的优缺点：（AD）
（1）优点
244、新老师和医生通过在农村实习可以提高技术并增加工作经验
New doctors and teachers can raise their professional skills and increase working
experiences when they work in rural areas.
245、农村获得医疗服务的途径很少，所以新医生将先进的技术引入有助于提高农村居民的
健康水平。
The rural areas have a lower / narrow access to medical treatment, so new doctors bring new
technology to help promote health care level of rural residents.246、新老师有助于建立完善的教育体系和提高农村的教育发展。
New teachers can help establish high-quality educational systems and improve educational
development of the rural areas.
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247、如果新老师和医生被送到农村，有助于缓解大城市的就业压力
If new teachers and doctors are sent to the rural areas, it will ease the employment pressure
in metropolitans.
（2）缺点
248、农村的公共设施极为简陋和工作艰苦乏味，会导致部分人员的不满情绪。
The public services of facilities are under-resourced and the work so difficult and
unstimulating in rural areas, so they cause irritation among new teachers and doctors.
249、每个人都有选择的权利对于他们在那工作，所以组织或强迫他人放弃追求更好生活质
量的目标和愿望是违反人权的。
Everyone can have rights of choices about where they work, so stopping the desire of
individuals to seek a more satisfying quality of life for themselves and their families is breach of human rights.
第十二类 预防犯罪
Topic 67 减少道路事故和伤亡的方法（AD）
250、严厉的惩罚有助于提高人们的道路安全意识，从而减少交通事故的发生。
Severe punishments help to improve the sense / awareness of road safety and reduce /
decrease the likelihood of road traffic accidents.251、政府应该提供高效的和便宜的公共交通服务。
Government should supply / provide efficient and affordable public transport services.252、政府应该颁布法律去提高驾驶年龄和驾驶考试的标准。
Government should draft laws to raise the driving age and standards of driving test.
Topic 68 支持或者反对街道巡警佩带枪支（DG）
（1）支持
253、佩枪有助于保护公众免受伤害。
Carrying guns help to protect a public who are becoming innocent targets.254、佩枪是一种自我保护因为警察本身也有可能面对致命的暴力。
Carrying guns is a means of defense because polices may have a direct contact with deadly
violence.
（2）反对
255、警枪会助长使用枪支的风气
Police weapons add fuel to the gun culture.
256、枪支容易引起恐慌，所以佩枪警察发现融入社区很难。
Guns easy to cause panic, so polices who carry guns find it hard to integrate into
communities.
Topic 71 否认和赞同安全措施给人们带来的好处（LB）
（1）否认
257、安全措施并不能减少犯罪，而是将罪犯的目标转移到了其他地方。21
Security measures fail to decrease crimes, but displace it to the other areas.
（2）赞同
第十三类 弱势群体
Topic 72 强制退休(compulsory retirement / fixed retirement age)的坏处和好处（DG）
（1）坏处
260、强制退休导致人才的浪费。
Compulsory retirement results in waste of talents / human resources.261、强制退休难以保证退休人员安度晚年。
Fixed retirement age makes it difficult to older people to maintain life after the retirement.262、强制退休不利于年轻人的发展和培训因为他们需要资深员工在技能和经验上给予帮助。
Compulsory retirement may pose a serious threat to development and training of young people because they need to be given help in skills and experience by senior / elderly staff.
258、安全措施可以提高人们对犯罪的警惕。
Security measures alert people to the risk of being victimised by crime.259、安全措施可以达到震慑的目的。
Security measures accomplish the purpose of deterrence.
（2）好处
263、它不是容易的对于老员工去接受新的观念并且它不利于公司的革新。
It not easy for senior staff to accept new perceptions and it produces negative effects on
innovation of companies.
264、强制退休年龄能够为年轻员工提供更多的升值和就业的机会。
Fixed retirement age can provide a vast number of opportunities for young staff in
promotion and employment.
265、如果没有退休年龄，它导致员工和雇主之间的纠纷。
Without retirement age, it causes / becomes a point of dispute between staff and employer.
Topic 73老龄化带来的正负面影响（LB）
（1）正面
266、老龄化促进了医疗的发展。
Ageing population promotes development of medical / health care.
267、老年人的增加会对一些行业产生新的需求从而帮助社会获得更多的经济收入。
Growth of aging population creates a fresh need for some professions and achieves greater
economic gains / help to gain economic income.
（2）负面22
Topic 74 老人与家人同住及住养老院的分别的好处 （DG）
（1）住养老院
270、老人得到同龄人的陪伴并拥有在社区生活的感觉。
Old people gain chance to enjoy the company of their peers and they have a sense of
community's life / a genuine community feel.271、养老院配备更专业的员工和更好的运动设施。
Nursing homes are equipped with more professional staff and better exercise facilities.
268、老龄化增加医疗费用并对家人和社会带来负担。
Ageing population results in escalating cost in medical care / increases costs of health care
and imposes / brings a burden for family and society.269、老龄化导致劳动力年龄结构的变化并影响工作节奏。
Ageing population results in a shift / change in the age structure of the workforce / labour
and affects on the pace of work.
（2）与家人同住
272、老人通常有较强的家庭观念并且与家人同住会使老人有归属感。
Old people always value strong ties among family members and they maintain their ties and
sense of belonging / possess a sense of belonging when they live with families.
273、有些老人健康状况良好并且他们可以分担一些家务，比如：照顾孩子和做饭。
Some of old people possess good physical condition and they can share some of housework,
such as, looking after / taking care of children and do cooking.274、老人住在家里有助于节省住在养老院的花费。
Old people live at home, which helps to save costs of living in nursing home.
Topic 77反对或者支持女性领导更能使世界和平的观点（AD）
（1）支持
275、女性有妥协和遵从的天性，往往更倾向于通过和平手段解决问题和争端。
Women / Female leaders have disposition to compromise and obedience, so they address
disputes through a means of peace.
276、男性有好战的性格往往采取比较强硬的立场。
Men / Male leaders always have an aggressive / a combative personality / characters so that
they conduct a tough stance.
277、女性在决策过程中重视别人的参与所以能够做出比较理智的决定。
Females value the input of / pay attention to the decision-making process so they can make
sensible decisions.
第十四类 体育
Topic 78 体育运动（Playing sports / Doing sports / Doing exercises / Participation in physical exercises）的优缺点 （DG）
23
（1）缺点
278、体育运动会对身体或是精神造成危害。
Playing sports produce negative effects on physical health / cause physical injury or (emotional / mental) distress.
（2）优点
279、体育运动保持旺盛的精力从而提高工作效率。
Doing sports maintain energetic and improve pace of work / working efficiency /
productivity.
280、增强体质有利于身心健康。
Doing exercises help to increase physical health.
281、体育运动有助于缓解精神压力和减少失落的情绪。
Participation in physical exercises ease / relive stress / pressure and reduce the chances of
depression / sad feeling.
Topic 80 奥运会的优缺点（AD）
（1）优点
282、奥林匹克精神构成了自我完善和社会交往的基石。
Sportsmanship constitutes the basis of self-development and socialisation.283、奥林匹克精神使潜能和美德得到开发。
Sportsmanship achieves potential and uphold virtues.284、奥林匹克精神促进了各国经济和文化的交流。
Sportsmanship promotes communication of economy and culture across the border.285、奥林匹克精神给东道主国家带来了巨大的经济利益和社会影响。
Sportsmanship brings an enormous economic benefits and social influence to the host
country.
（2）缺点
286、奥运会是国家主义、商品文化及政治的体现。
Olympic Games are displays of nationalism, commerce and politics.287、奥运会的举行需要大量的人力和物力。
A vast number of costs of labours and resources are needed to hold the Olympic Games.
第十五类 教育方法和教育内容
Topic 82 合作性学习和竞争性学习各自的好处（DG）
（1）合作性学习
288、合作性学习有助于学生们意识到团队工作的重要性和提高他们的社会技能。
Cooperative learning helps students to be aware of the importance of team-working and
improve their social skills.
289、学生们在合作学习中获得不同的观点和经验。
Students access / gain a variety of perceptions and experience in-cooperative learning.
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（2）竞争性学习
290、竞争性学习有助于突出学生的个人能力和有利于他们的个人发展。
Completive learning helps to achieve students' personal distinctions and improve their
individual development.
Topic 83 按能力分组教育的好处和坏处（DG）
（1）好处
291、老师可以调整教学材料和教学方法适应学生的接受能力。
Teachers can adjust the material and method of instruction to suit a student's capability /
aptitude.
（2）坏处
292、按能力分组教育是对成绩差的学生的一种歧视，因此养成对学业的不积极的态度。 Ability grouping is a kind of discrimination for students of low (test / score) / poor academic
performance, so they develop negative attitudes towards school. 293、按能力分组教育拉大优秀学生和落后学生的差距。
The gap between the poor and high achievers is widened by ability grouping.
Topic 84 理论知识的重要性（DG）
294、理论知识为未来的的事业发展打好基础。
Theoretical knowledge lays a solid foundation for career development in future.295、理论知识有助于提高思考问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Theoretical knowledge promotes critical thinking skills, analytical skills and problem-solving skills of students.
Topic 88 终生接受教育的原因（AD）
296、媒体和信息科技的发展提供了更多接受教育的机会。
Media and information technologies make different learning opportunities available. 297、人们为了能在激烈的竞争中求得生存需要不断地再教育。
People should continue education in order to survive the fierce competition.298、教育的观念有所改变，所以学生已经不限制在一个特定的年龄段了。
The education concept is in transition, so students can't be limited / confined to a particular
/certain age group.
Topic 89 留学的优缺点（DG）
（1）优点
299、留学可以开阔眼界和适应全球化的要求。
Studying abroad can broaden horizons / visions and satisfy / suit the requests / needs of
globalisation.
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300、留学促进学术交流
Studying abroad promotes academic communications.
（2）缺点
Topic 90 学习文化的重要性和未必学习文化的原因（DG）
（1）重要性
303、学习文化有助于提高语言学习者的积极性和在各种场合运用语言知识。
Learning culture helps to promote motivation of learners and apply language in a variety of
social occasions.
304、学习文化有助于提高交流的技巧和敏感性并对当地居民有更深刻的理解和认识。
Learning culture is important for developing cross-cultural communication skills and
sensitivity and increase deeper understanding of local residents.
301、留学造成文化冲击和难以融入当地社会。
Studying abroad results in cultural shock and find it difficult to integrate / merge into local
community.
302、留学的高花费增加了家庭负担。
High costs of studying abroad impose a burden to family.
（2）不必学习文化的原因
305、当初学者过度注意文化会导致他们对于语言的学习失去信心并带来困难。
Learning culture leads to loss of confidence and brings about / causes difficulties to
language learning when beginners / new learners put too much attentions into cultures at the beginning.
Topic 91 学习历史的重要性和不可取之处（DG）
（1）重要性
306、历史乃前车之鉴并可避免走弯路。
History is summary of antecedents and avoids taking a wrong path so we can make right
decisions.
307、学习历史可以提醒人们关注自身的文化背景和保持民族自豪感从而促进社会的团结。 Studying history reminds us of our own cultural identity and preserve ethnic pride / dignity
so that it can promote social solidarity.
（2）不可取之处
308、世界日新月异，过去的很多事情现在不可能在发生。
Current world is undergoing dramatic changes and a vast number of matters in the past will
never return.
309、学习历史增加学生的学业负担。
Studying history increases the burden of students' learning.310、出于政治原因，记录历史的人可能歪曲事实。
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People who document history may distort the truth for political reasons.
Topic 92 支持或者反对中学生学习国际新闻（AD）
311、学习国际新闻可以扩大视野和有助于欲了解世界动向。
Studying international news can broaden their horizons / visions and help them to
understand what's happening in the world.
312、学习国际新闻可以提高分析和比较信息的能力。
Studying international news can promote the ability to analyse and compare information.
（1）支持
（2）反对
313、学习国际新闻浪费时间和增加学生学业负担。
Studying international news wastes time and increase the burden of students' learning.
第十六类 儿童教育
Topic 93 支持天性或者后天因素决定性格 （DG）
（1）天性
314、天性给了我们内在的能力和特征并决定了我们的行为模式和思考模式。
Nature endows us with inborn abilities and traits, besides our behaviour pattern and the
ways of thinking depend on nature.
（2）后天因素
315、个性是被环境所约束和影响的。
Personality is constrained and influenced / affected by environment / surrounding.
Topic 94 支持或者反对惩罚父母的观点 （DG）
（1）支持
316、父母不正当的行为可能会被孩子所模仿而小孩往往无法分辨对错。
Parents' unproper behaviours may be imitated by children and children can't tell right from
wrong.
317、父母有责任为孩子提供正确的指导，所以父母应该为他们的失职付出相应的代价。 Parents are responsible for providing right guidance for children, so parents should pay a
price for being neglectful parents.
（2）反对
318、父母不应该对孩子的过失负责因为小孩经常有各种奇怪的想法。
Parents don't have to take responsibility for children's crime / errors, because children
always have a variety of strange perceptions.
Topic 96 电脑对儿童正面以及负面的影响 （AD）
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（1）正面
319、电脑的使用有助于老师和学生扩宽他们的知识面。
Use of computers can help teachers and students broaden their horizons.320、掌握电脑的使用为学生未来的职业发展奠定坚实的基础。
Commanding use of computer lays a solid foundation for students' career development in
the future.
（2）负面
321、电脑包括一些不恰当的信息他们对学生的行为产生不良的影响。
Computer contains some unproper information which produces negative effects on students'
behaviours.
322、一些学生过分沉迷于电脑会严重影响学习。
Some of students are obsessed with the computer so that it creates distractions.323、过度使用电脑会应影响身体健康。
Excessive use of computer poses a serious threat to health of students.
Topic 99 体罚的优缺点（AD）
（1）缺点
324、提法有害小孩的身心健康。
Corporal punishment generates negative effects on physical and health of children.325、体罚导致逆反心理并致使恶性循环。
Corporal punishment results in rebellion and lead only to a downward spiral.326、体罚影响父母和孩子之间的的关系甚至导致小孩对父母产生憎恨。
Corporal punishment affects relationship between children and their parents so that children incites hated for their parents.
327、体罚导致孩子失去对学习和生活的信心。
Corporal punishment makes children lose confidence on their study and life.
（2）优点
328、体罚会使孩子对自己所犯的错误更加深刻并会时刻提醒自己不再犯同样的错误。
Corporal punishment makes children gain a deeper impression and prevents them from
committing the same errors / crimes.
Topic 101 穷人家的小孩的处事能力不如或者超过富人家的小孩的原因（AD）
（1）不如
329、穷人家的小孩子缺乏接受良好教育的机会并只能做低技能的工作。
Children of poor family lack of the access to quality education and they just get low-skilled
jobs.
330、不好的家庭环境使孩子养成不好的行为习惯。
Without a loving and nurturing home environment, children will develop unproper habits of
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behaviours.
331、穷人家的小孩缺乏自信并不能很好的出库人际关系。
Poor family children lose confidence and can't deal with inter-personal relationship.
332、穷人家的小孩需要从小承担家庭的负担有助于他们变得更成熟。
Children of poor family undertake domestic burden so that they have the maturity to behave
and think like an adult.
333、穷人家的小孩更能忍受困难并且更愿意接受挑战。
Children who grew up in poor family have extraordinary endurance of hardships and are
more willing to take on challenges.
（2）超过
第十七类 中学教育
Topic 103、让小孩更加勤奋学习的好处和坏处（AD）
（1）好处
334、当孩子在他们年轻的时候勤奋学习可以增强责任感为未来的发展做铺垫。
Studying hard as a child in their youth can strengthen his / her responsibility and can lay a
solid foundation for children's career development in the future.335、勤奋学习使孩子更能忍受痛苦和更能接受挑战。
Studying hard provides children with extraordinary endurance of hardships and so they are more willing to take on challenges.
（2）坏处
336、勤奋学习是孩子们变成死记硬背的人这限制孩子们的想象力。
Studying hard makes children become rote learners, which constrains their imagination.
Topic 104 寄宿学校的好处和坏处（DG）
（1）好处
337、寄宿学校的孩子们的学习可以一直被监督从而成绩得到更快的提高。
Boarding schools' children have regular supervised study periods and gain high achievement
standards.
338、寄宿学校有助于孩子们的社会技能的发展。
Boarding schools contribute to the development of children's social skills.
（2）坏处
339、寄宿学校导致孩子和父母关系疏远。
Boarding schools result in a sense of alienation between children and their parents.
Topic 105 赞同或者反对年轻人做义工的观点（AD）
（1）赞同29
340、义工有助于获得社会经验
Volunteer work can help to acquire / gain / accumulate working experience.
（2）反对
Topic 108 学生参与聘雇老师便显得好处和坏处（DG）
（1）好处
342、如果学生评估老师，它将提高学生的积极性从而提高教学质量。
If students criricise their teachers, it will promote students' interests and improve quality of
instruction.
341、如果义工是强制性的，那么有可能会影响年轻人的积极性。
If unpaid community work is mandatory, it will affect / dampen motivation / enthusiasm of
young people.
（2）坏处
343、学生的意见可能会有偏见会干扰正常的教学进程
Students' opinion may contain prejudice and disrupt / interfere / interrupt normal teaching.344、老师可能迎合学生以至于学校将失去威信。
Teachers may cater for students so that schools will lose respect / authority.
Topic 110 年轻人高失业率的原因和解决方法 （RS）
（1）原因
345、经济衰退导致总体对劳动力需求的下降。
Economic recession / depression result in a fall in the overall demand for labour.346、雇主对年轻人抱有偏见。
Employers hold prejudice / bias against young in experienced workers.347、雇员对工资和职业期望值过高。
Employees have exceedingly high occupational and wage aspirations.
（2）解决方法
348、政府应该刺激经济发展和创造更多就业职位。
Government should stimulate the economy and create more opportunities of employment.349、模板+ 完善劳动法和其他与就业相关的法律法规并杜绝就业歧视。
模板+ enact laws that provide workers with protection and prohibit age discrimination.350、模板+积极参加社会实践和岗前培训从而提高就业竞争力。
模板+ participate actively in internships and pre-career training and promote employment
competitive.
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