发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-23 07:26
共1个回答
热心网友 时间:2022-06-17 15:56
定义式结构。这种结构是lecture中最常见的一种结构。文章开头,教授在给出主旨之后,分几个方面去描述某种现象、解释某种原理或者描述某种事物。每个方面就是一段,每一段就是一个大细节。可能每一段中会有一些例子去深入的阐明。需要注意的是,每一段是相互的,没有比较、相互影响的关系。如果有比较,就是我们的第二种结构。下面我们来用TPO17-L4来看一下这种结构: Professor Ok, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms. And that’s the octopus, one of the unusual creatures that live in the sea. The octopus is prey to many species, including humans, so how does it escape its predators? Well, let me back up here a second. Anyone ever heard of Proteous? Proteus was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly. Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. Just like Proteus, the octopus can go through all kinds of incredible transformations. And it does this in three ways: by changing color, by changing its texture, and by changing its size and shape. 从上段我们可以看出教授在文章开头给出主题(章鱼的能力)以后要开始从三个方面(改变颜色,改变身体的材质,改变形状和大小)来描述,那么每个方面就是一段,每个方面之间是的。
比较结构。在文章开头,教授会给出2个概念,比如A和B这两个概念。然后就开始对A和B进行一个全文的对比,说完A的某个方面就开始说B在这个方面是怎么样的,这种对比会贯穿全文。在听的过程中,要特别注意对比列举的信号词,记下重要的信息。TPO5-L4就是全文对比的结构,比较的是folktale和fairytale这2个概念,同学们可以参考一下这篇文章来看对比结构。
问题解答型结构。在文章开头教授会介绍一下背景并给出一个问题,比如先介绍一下恐龙灭绝的背景知识,然后给出一个问题:恐龙是怎么灭绝的?接下来就针对这个问题开始阐述一些理论或解决方法。每个理论和解决方法就是一个段落 具体的例子同学们可以参考TPO33-L1,这篇文章是讲金字塔的建造的,首先文章开头介绍了一下金字塔,然后给出了一个问题:how the pyramid was built? 然后就开始阐述关于金字塔建造的几种理论。