虚拟语态用法
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发布时间：2024-10-23 04:20
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时间：2024-11-08 02:20
虚拟语态的使用方法多样，主要体现在条件句中，包括对现在、过去和将来的假设。
① 虚拟现在时，通过if从句的过去式（be通常为were）与主句的would/should/could/might +动词原形，如："If I were you, I would marry her."
② 虚拟过去时，if从句用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），主句用would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词，如："If it hadn't rained so heavily, we could have played tennis yesterday."
有些情况下，条件和后果可能分别与现在和过去相反，如："If you had followed the doctor's advice, you wouldn't be in so much pain now."
然而，如果条件部分使用陈述语气，而后果用虚拟语气，是错误的。例如，"If you follow the doctor's advice, you wouldn't be in pain"。
虚拟语气还用于表示对未来的推测，if从句用一般过去式或were to/should +动词原形，如："Jean thinks if she got a job, she might not see her friends often."
虚拟条件句有时会采用倒装结构，如："Had it not rained so hard, we could have played tennis."
在宾语从句中，如wish后的从句，需用虚拟语气，根据主句时态退后一位。此外，desire, demand等动词后，宾语从句需用虚拟语气，如："The head nurse insisted that the patient not be moved."
虚拟语气还出现在多种句型中，如It is necessary/essential等形容词后，需用虚拟形式；在It's time, as if/as though, lest, if only等引导的从句中，也需遵循相应的虚拟语态规则。
